(1) Selection of land: Because of its cool and humid climate with its semi-yin yang and loose and fertile soil rich in humus. American ginseng planting sites should be selected in the afforestation of good southwest and northeast to the ventilation channel and well-drained gully ridge land or fertile land on both sides of the river, and should not choose to open in front of the mountains to the dry area of ​​the forest and the southwest northwest cold wind Road.
The PH value of the soil in our city, except for the alkalinity along the beach area, is mostly slightly acidic with a PH value between 5-6, which is in line with the growth requirements of American ginseng. Although it is difficult for the city to find a forest-like rich fertile soil rich in humus, it has been proved that as long as the scientific application of organic fertilizers and the rational use of chemical fertilizers are feasible in sandy loam and silty loam soils rich in phosphorus and potassium.
(b) Site preparation: In order to reduce the damage of nematodes and other pests, the American ginseng is best used as a grasshopper. For example, wheat and corn are harvested, and half a month is used for cultivating a ridge to promote decomposition of the former crop and accelerate soil maturation. At the same time, 6000 kg of decomposed pig manure and cattle manure are applied to the mu (alkaline content of chicken manure and human waste). No, etc., crush and fine high-quality organic fertilizer and cooked cake fertilizer 50kg and high-quality ternary compound fertilizer 100kg evenly planer and mix in 20-30 cm tillage layer. In the late autumn, the sorghum was leveled and built every 2 meters. The gong was 25 centimeters high and the meditation was 1.4 meters. The slope ratio was 1:1, and the width of the ditch was 10 centimeters. The glutinous rice flour strives to be even and thin, and on the top it is laid down in finely divided pieces of phosphorus-containing weathering stones (4 cm in diameter), and then sown for 1-2 cm. In the middle, 20 grams of 50% carbendazim per square meter is used to disinfect the soil, 15 grams of which are mixed in the ground during ploughing, and the remaining 5 grams are soaked in the upper glazing and covered with phosphorus. Fossils.
(3) Seeding and Transplanting: Seed live, 3.5kg seeds per mu, row and plant spacing 10,100cm, 4 years in length, can be planed, which saves labor and the participation is very long and the yield is high, but waste covers and spraying More and more, it is more important to be unable to adapt to the market's stubborn demand. The price of the root is low. Therefore, the method of transplanting after nursery is adopted in production. When growing seedlings, 3.5kg species are planted with 56cm strains and row spacing on 2 points. After being grown for 2 years, they will be planed out and transplanted in 2010cm rows and planting distances of about 1mu, and then harvested for two years. American ginseng can not be weighed, and nursery land can no longer be used to plant American ginseng.
1, sowing (1) seed treatment: fruit red fruit in August when the income of fresh fruit, immediately remove the flesh washed off a little dry can be used 1000 times 50% carbendazim soaking 10-20 minutes, remove and dry , Soak it with 50ppm high-quality gibberellin for 24 hours, and then remove and rinse with water once and then mix sand (species: sand = 1:3). Mix the sand and put it in a pot, etc. in a cool place until November. The temperature should be controlled below 25°C, and the humidity should be 10%-12% of water content. It is easy to be too wet and rotten. The seeds were prosperous and the seedlings grew weaker in the following year.
(2) Sowing time: In late November, the above method can be used to treat 70%-80% of the cracks, and about 3% of the gaps not treated with gibberellin can be sowed in batches and sowed until the end of December. The remaining unexploded mouthpiece is placed at 0-5°C, and it can be exploded by February of the following year. It can also emerge after sowing, and the person who later explodes mouth can not be completed due to low temperature treatment for 70 days. Or incomplete.
(3) sowing method: spread 3 cm in the leveling of the surface of the athlete's foot to mix and sterilize the humidified weathered stone that has been disinfected and mixed with medicine. After leveling, punch the hole with a standard 56 cm row spacing plate (Deep 2 Centimeter) sowing, in order to maintain the same depth standards, after the broadcast and then spread the disinfected weathered stone cover species, in order to level, cover the wind and then use the board to wipe the fossil, to ensure that the depth of 2 cm, then cover 10 to 15 cm thick The grass, in order to protect the antifreeze, generally around April 20 emergence.
2. Transplanting: Transplanting is used to meet market needs, save land, reduce costs, and ensure consistent growth. Transplanting generally uses 2 years of seedlings.
(1) Lifting: From late October to early November, it is advisable to use the upper part of the American ginseng plant withered. Afterwards, plan to open up the soil, and then pick up the root from one end and plan to deepen it as much as possible so as not to damage the root. And do their best to start from the side, side by side, side disinfection, side transplanting, long stacking time, easy to lose water, heat and affect the survival. If it is too late to plant it, it should be carried out as early as possible before the bud sprouts in late February and early March.
(2) Selection of seedlings: Selected seedlings with strong roots, full bud buds, and no pests, and transplanted in three stages according to the size of the seedlings.
(3) Disinfection: Senate seedlings are easy to be infected with bacteria and must be disinfected prior to planting. Usually, 50% carbendazim is used to dip the seedlings for 1000 minutes, which has a certain effect on the control of root diseases.
(4) Transplanting method: planting density: first-class 2010 cm, second-grade seedling 208 cm, third-grade seedling 206 cm. It is better to pass through the easy-to-dry soils with oblique planting (the seedlings are placed in the pot at a 45-degree angle with the pot).
Earth cover thickness: 5 cm for the first seedling, 4 cm for the secondary, and 3 cm for the tertiary. Four centimeters before bed transplanting and Fengfeng stone covered with seedlings must be mixed and disinfected.
(d) field management?
1, cold: regardless of seedlings, transplanting seedlings and sowing in the late November to cover 10-15 cm thick grass to protect the antifreeze. The edge of the earth and the edge of the earth must be thickened. In order to prevent wind blows, branches and stones should be pressed on the grass.
2. Drought resistance: Spray water in rainy and dry years to prevent buds from drying out and ensure the emergence of spring seedlings.
3, spring, summer management (1) timely removal of cold-resistant objects: the removal of cold-proof materials to the end of March to early April when the spring flowers is appropriate, too susceptible to cold damage too early, too late Shenmiao unearthed late, tender stems are prone to sunlight burns. When leaving the grass, you may need to keep some short-grained grass to protect yours and prevent rain from hitting the ground. All regions must scientifically remove the cover due to changes in climate and phenology.
(2) Surface disinfection: After going to the grass, remove the leaves and spray 1% copper sulphate to disinfect and sterilize the whole field. However, the liquid must not infiltrate the buds and ginseng roots, so as to avoid injury and affect the emergence.
(3) Rinse noodle: After the grass is removed, it should be loosened immediately after the grass is removed. If it is dry, it should be sprayed with moist water before loosening the soil to ventilate and raise the temperature to promote seedling growth. The entire seedling stage must be preserved. Wet, to prevent the young stems and leaves from burning due to surface soil.
(4) Shed shading: American ginseng is inclined to lean and scatter light and is afraid of strong light, but it still needs sunlight to provide energy for photosynthesis. After removing the grass and planting the seeds in the nose and in the first year, a shading shed is scientifically and reasonably established to adjust the lighting to promote the healthy growth of the American ginseng. Adopt double-transparent (transparent and transparent) greenhouses, with a total length of 2.2 meters (50 centimeters buried underground) on the main column and 1.9 meters (underground buried 50 centimeters) on the main side of the column. The longitudinal distance between the columns depends on the length of the rod. The length of the crossbar is 2.4 meters. First, the crossbar is tied with wire. Three crossbars are placed on each crossbar and fixed with wire. The shaded straw curtain is placed on the crossbar, and the wind barrier is surrounded by corn straw. . The transmittance of the curtain depends on the age of the ginseng. The 1-2 year transmittance is 15-20%, and the 3-4 year transmittance is 30%-35%. In the middle of April, when the American ginseng seedlings are nearing excavation, they must be shaded in a timely manner. If the temperature is too low, the seedlings will emerge too late. After the emergence, the young stems and leaves will be easily burned.
(5) Dressing: Perennial perennial plants of American ginseng must be topdressed and supplemented every year. After spring emergence, topdressing ternary compound fertilizer and cooked cake fat each 50g/m*2, ramming soil 500g/m*2, topdressing and ditching should be shallow, avoid contact with ginseng by fertilizer, to prevent fertilizer damage. After the topdressing, the drought should be promptly watered.
(6) Root mulching: Root mulching is carried out in the early days of May in the western exhibition leaf and after top dressing. Premature stems and leaves are too young to be easily broken and the stems are too late. And leaves. The cover is mostly shredded wheat straw, etc.
(7) Anti-drought and flood control: The planting area of ​​American ginseng in the city is generally dry in spring, summer in autumn, and dry in autumn. Therefore, it is often necessary to water in the spring to protect seedlings; in the autumn, watering should be done in time to ensure that the roots enlarge and gain weight; in the summer, water must be drained to protect the normal growth. In case of drought and high temperature, spray water.
(8) Seed selection and seed retention: In the current situation in which the plant type and maturity of American ginseng populations are highly uneven (more than one month in the mature period), it is imperative to purify and rejuvenate. In addition, in order to ensure that the seeds are full, appropriate thinning and thinning of fruit are also necessary. The inflorescences that have been sparsely flowered on 3/4 have bloomed, and a small part has been set in fruit setting, and the top 1/2 of the inflorescence is removed to leave a large mature fruit. Concentrate, remove unswollen green fruit during fruit enlargement, and concentrate nutrition on preserved fruits and ginseng roots.
4, pest control of pests and diseases:
(1) Diseases: Black spot disease, epidemic disease, and anthracnose that damage the stems and leaves; Harmful blight, damping-off, and stalk rot in stems and bases; Root rot, diseases, sclerotia Disease, rust, etc. Diseases of American ginseng should be subject to the principle of prevention-based comprehensive prevention and control. The combination of agronomy and pesticides should be used as a single agent for broad-spectrum fungicides. Underground diseases must be treated with seeds, seedlings and soil with carbendazim when sowing and transplanting, which is quite effective. On the ground, after spraying the leaves, spray Bordeaux mixture of 1:1:400 once every two weeks, intersperse spraying 50% carbendazim 1000 times, chlorfluazuron 2000 times, 20% triadimefon 500-1000 times. , 70% thiophanate 1000 times, 7% mancozeb 500-700 times, 50% retort 500 times and so on. An average of 7 days to spray 1 drug, in case of rain to make up the spray. In addition to alternately interspersing and spraying a variety of pharmaceutical agents to improve control efficiency, because the American ginseng growth stage, climate, pesticide manufacturers and production date are different, spray concentration, drug dose must be tested before spraying, so as not to cause injury. It was found that the diseased plants were immediately removed and concentrated and burned. The diseased areas were sterilized with 50% lime milk or 50% carbendazim 400 times.
(2) Insect pests: Insects such as grasshoppers, earthworms, ground tigers, and golden-needleworms are killed by 50% phoxim, 90% trichlorfon, etc.; low-toxicity and non-residue pesticides are available for aphids, aphids, and armyworms. Spray and kill, 50% phoxim, 90% trichlorfon, 80% dichlorvos, 40% omethoate, etc.
(3) Rat damage: trapped with bromindrosol. ?
(v) Harvesting and Processing
1, harvest time: generally grow 4 years of harvest, in order to reproduce the seeds, sometimes harvested 5 years. The harvest time began in late October when the stems and leaves became yellow. During the excavation, we strive to maintain the integrity of the roots, shake off the soil, place them indoors for grading, and sometimes pick out the young ginseng and plant it again.
2, fresh participate in the work: to use clean water to wash the mud, but in the water can not be soaked for too long, so as to avoid bad color and not easy to dry. After being washed, put it in a well-ventilated heated drying room for dehydration and drying. It should be completed at 30-35°C for 3 weeks. It must not be dried in a high temperature oven. Drying too quickly will result in dry hardening of the surface layer before drying. The shell is prone to many wrinkles or broken skin. The center of the cross section tends to darken and reduce the quality. However, if the drying is too slow, dark spots will appear on the outside of the root, causing decay and reducing the quality of the product.
The PH value of the soil in our city, except for the alkalinity along the beach area, is mostly slightly acidic with a PH value between 5-6, which is in line with the growth requirements of American ginseng. Although it is difficult for the city to find a forest-like rich fertile soil rich in humus, it has been proved that as long as the scientific application of organic fertilizers and the rational use of chemical fertilizers are feasible in sandy loam and silty loam soils rich in phosphorus and potassium.
(b) Site preparation: In order to reduce the damage of nematodes and other pests, the American ginseng is best used as a grasshopper. For example, wheat and corn are harvested, and half a month is used for cultivating a ridge to promote decomposition of the former crop and accelerate soil maturation. At the same time, 6000 kg of decomposed pig manure and cattle manure are applied to the mu (alkaline content of chicken manure and human waste). No, etc., crush and fine high-quality organic fertilizer and cooked cake fertilizer 50kg and high-quality ternary compound fertilizer 100kg evenly planer and mix in 20-30 cm tillage layer. In the late autumn, the sorghum was leveled and built every 2 meters. The gong was 25 centimeters high and the meditation was 1.4 meters. The slope ratio was 1:1, and the width of the ditch was 10 centimeters. The glutinous rice flour strives to be even and thin, and on the top it is laid down in finely divided pieces of phosphorus-containing weathering stones (4 cm in diameter), and then sown for 1-2 cm. In the middle, 20 grams of 50% carbendazim per square meter is used to disinfect the soil, 15 grams of which are mixed in the ground during ploughing, and the remaining 5 grams are soaked in the upper glazing and covered with phosphorus. Fossils.
(3) Seeding and Transplanting: Seed live, 3.5kg seeds per mu, row and plant spacing 10,100cm, 4 years in length, can be planed, which saves labor and the participation is very long and the yield is high, but waste covers and spraying More and more, it is more important to be unable to adapt to the market's stubborn demand. The price of the root is low. Therefore, the method of transplanting after nursery is adopted in production. When growing seedlings, 3.5kg species are planted with 56cm strains and row spacing on 2 points. After being grown for 2 years, they will be planed out and transplanted in 2010cm rows and planting distances of about 1mu, and then harvested for two years. American ginseng can not be weighed, and nursery land can no longer be used to plant American ginseng.
1, sowing (1) seed treatment: fruit red fruit in August when the income of fresh fruit, immediately remove the flesh washed off a little dry can be used 1000 times 50% carbendazim soaking 10-20 minutes, remove and dry , Soak it with 50ppm high-quality gibberellin for 24 hours, and then remove and rinse with water once and then mix sand (species: sand = 1:3). Mix the sand and put it in a pot, etc. in a cool place until November. The temperature should be controlled below 25°C, and the humidity should be 10%-12% of water content. It is easy to be too wet and rotten. The seeds were prosperous and the seedlings grew weaker in the following year.
(2) Sowing time: In late November, the above method can be used to treat 70%-80% of the cracks, and about 3% of the gaps not treated with gibberellin can be sowed in batches and sowed until the end of December. The remaining unexploded mouthpiece is placed at 0-5°C, and it can be exploded by February of the following year. It can also emerge after sowing, and the person who later explodes mouth can not be completed due to low temperature treatment for 70 days. Or incomplete.
(3) sowing method: spread 3 cm in the leveling of the surface of the athlete's foot to mix and sterilize the humidified weathered stone that has been disinfected and mixed with medicine. After leveling, punch the hole with a standard 56 cm row spacing plate (Deep 2 Centimeter) sowing, in order to maintain the same depth standards, after the broadcast and then spread the disinfected weathered stone cover species, in order to level, cover the wind and then use the board to wipe the fossil, to ensure that the depth of 2 cm, then cover 10 to 15 cm thick The grass, in order to protect the antifreeze, generally around April 20 emergence.
2. Transplanting: Transplanting is used to meet market needs, save land, reduce costs, and ensure consistent growth. Transplanting generally uses 2 years of seedlings.
(1) Lifting: From late October to early November, it is advisable to use the upper part of the American ginseng plant withered. Afterwards, plan to open up the soil, and then pick up the root from one end and plan to deepen it as much as possible so as not to damage the root. And do their best to start from the side, side by side, side disinfection, side transplanting, long stacking time, easy to lose water, heat and affect the survival. If it is too late to plant it, it should be carried out as early as possible before the bud sprouts in late February and early March.
(2) Selection of seedlings: Selected seedlings with strong roots, full bud buds, and no pests, and transplanted in three stages according to the size of the seedlings.
(3) Disinfection: Senate seedlings are easy to be infected with bacteria and must be disinfected prior to planting. Usually, 50% carbendazim is used to dip the seedlings for 1000 minutes, which has a certain effect on the control of root diseases.
(4) Transplanting method: planting density: first-class 2010 cm, second-grade seedling 208 cm, third-grade seedling 206 cm. It is better to pass through the easy-to-dry soils with oblique planting (the seedlings are placed in the pot at a 45-degree angle with the pot).
Earth cover thickness: 5 cm for the first seedling, 4 cm for the secondary, and 3 cm for the tertiary. Four centimeters before bed transplanting and Fengfeng stone covered with seedlings must be mixed and disinfected.
(d) field management?
1, cold: regardless of seedlings, transplanting seedlings and sowing in the late November to cover 10-15 cm thick grass to protect the antifreeze. The edge of the earth and the edge of the earth must be thickened. In order to prevent wind blows, branches and stones should be pressed on the grass.
2. Drought resistance: Spray water in rainy and dry years to prevent buds from drying out and ensure the emergence of spring seedlings.
3, spring, summer management (1) timely removal of cold-resistant objects: the removal of cold-proof materials to the end of March to early April when the spring flowers is appropriate, too susceptible to cold damage too early, too late Shenmiao unearthed late, tender stems are prone to sunlight burns. When leaving the grass, you may need to keep some short-grained grass to protect yours and prevent rain from hitting the ground. All regions must scientifically remove the cover due to changes in climate and phenology.
(2) Surface disinfection: After going to the grass, remove the leaves and spray 1% copper sulphate to disinfect and sterilize the whole field. However, the liquid must not infiltrate the buds and ginseng roots, so as to avoid injury and affect the emergence.
(3) Rinse noodle: After the grass is removed, it should be loosened immediately after the grass is removed. If it is dry, it should be sprayed with moist water before loosening the soil to ventilate and raise the temperature to promote seedling growth. The entire seedling stage must be preserved. Wet, to prevent the young stems and leaves from burning due to surface soil.
(4) Shed shading: American ginseng is inclined to lean and scatter light and is afraid of strong light, but it still needs sunlight to provide energy for photosynthesis. After removing the grass and planting the seeds in the nose and in the first year, a shading shed is scientifically and reasonably established to adjust the lighting to promote the healthy growth of the American ginseng. Adopt double-transparent (transparent and transparent) greenhouses, with a total length of 2.2 meters (50 centimeters buried underground) on the main column and 1.9 meters (underground buried 50 centimeters) on the main side of the column. The longitudinal distance between the columns depends on the length of the rod. The length of the crossbar is 2.4 meters. First, the crossbar is tied with wire. Three crossbars are placed on each crossbar and fixed with wire. The shaded straw curtain is placed on the crossbar, and the wind barrier is surrounded by corn straw. . The transmittance of the curtain depends on the age of the ginseng. The 1-2 year transmittance is 15-20%, and the 3-4 year transmittance is 30%-35%. In the middle of April, when the American ginseng seedlings are nearing excavation, they must be shaded in a timely manner. If the temperature is too low, the seedlings will emerge too late. After the emergence, the young stems and leaves will be easily burned.
(5) Dressing: Perennial perennial plants of American ginseng must be topdressed and supplemented every year. After spring emergence, topdressing ternary compound fertilizer and cooked cake fat each 50g/m*2, ramming soil 500g/m*2, topdressing and ditching should be shallow, avoid contact with ginseng by fertilizer, to prevent fertilizer damage. After the topdressing, the drought should be promptly watered.
(6) Root mulching: Root mulching is carried out in the early days of May in the western exhibition leaf and after top dressing. Premature stems and leaves are too young to be easily broken and the stems are too late. And leaves. The cover is mostly shredded wheat straw, etc.
(7) Anti-drought and flood control: The planting area of ​​American ginseng in the city is generally dry in spring, summer in autumn, and dry in autumn. Therefore, it is often necessary to water in the spring to protect seedlings; in the autumn, watering should be done in time to ensure that the roots enlarge and gain weight; in the summer, water must be drained to protect the normal growth. In case of drought and high temperature, spray water.
(8) Seed selection and seed retention: In the current situation in which the plant type and maturity of American ginseng populations are highly uneven (more than one month in the mature period), it is imperative to purify and rejuvenate. In addition, in order to ensure that the seeds are full, appropriate thinning and thinning of fruit are also necessary. The inflorescences that have been sparsely flowered on 3/4 have bloomed, and a small part has been set in fruit setting, and the top 1/2 of the inflorescence is removed to leave a large mature fruit. Concentrate, remove unswollen green fruit during fruit enlargement, and concentrate nutrition on preserved fruits and ginseng roots.
4, pest control of pests and diseases:
(1) Diseases: Black spot disease, epidemic disease, and anthracnose that damage the stems and leaves; Harmful blight, damping-off, and stalk rot in stems and bases; Root rot, diseases, sclerotia Disease, rust, etc. Diseases of American ginseng should be subject to the principle of prevention-based comprehensive prevention and control. The combination of agronomy and pesticides should be used as a single agent for broad-spectrum fungicides. Underground diseases must be treated with seeds, seedlings and soil with carbendazim when sowing and transplanting, which is quite effective. On the ground, after spraying the leaves, spray Bordeaux mixture of 1:1:400 once every two weeks, intersperse spraying 50% carbendazim 1000 times, chlorfluazuron 2000 times, 20% triadimefon 500-1000 times. , 70% thiophanate 1000 times, 7% mancozeb 500-700 times, 50% retort 500 times and so on. An average of 7 days to spray 1 drug, in case of rain to make up the spray. In addition to alternately interspersing and spraying a variety of pharmaceutical agents to improve control efficiency, because the American ginseng growth stage, climate, pesticide manufacturers and production date are different, spray concentration, drug dose must be tested before spraying, so as not to cause injury. It was found that the diseased plants were immediately removed and concentrated and burned. The diseased areas were sterilized with 50% lime milk or 50% carbendazim 400 times.
(2) Insect pests: Insects such as grasshoppers, earthworms, ground tigers, and golden-needleworms are killed by 50% phoxim, 90% trichlorfon, etc.; low-toxicity and non-residue pesticides are available for aphids, aphids, and armyworms. Spray and kill, 50% phoxim, 90% trichlorfon, 80% dichlorvos, 40% omethoate, etc.
(3) Rat damage: trapped with bromindrosol. ?
(v) Harvesting and Processing
1, harvest time: generally grow 4 years of harvest, in order to reproduce the seeds, sometimes harvested 5 years. The harvest time began in late October when the stems and leaves became yellow. During the excavation, we strive to maintain the integrity of the roots, shake off the soil, place them indoors for grading, and sometimes pick out the young ginseng and plant it again.
2, fresh participate in the work: to use clean water to wash the mud, but in the water can not be soaked for too long, so as to avoid bad color and not easy to dry. After being washed, put it in a well-ventilated heated drying room for dehydration and drying. It should be completed at 30-35°C for 3 weeks. It must not be dried in a high temperature oven. Drying too quickly will result in dry hardening of the surface layer before drying. The shell is prone to many wrinkles or broken skin. The center of the cross section tends to darken and reduce the quality. However, if the drying is too slow, dark spots will appear on the outside of the root, causing decay and reducing the quality of the product.
Whole ( Multi bulb ) Black Garlic is made of the whole fresh white garlic .
It appears black in colour and shrinks during the fermenting process.
The cloves varies in diameter between 5.0 - 6.0cm and weights in at 30-40g before being peeled.
Black Garlic Production Process
Fresh organic garlic → Cleaning → Dehydration → Clip → Outfit fermentation dish → Fermentation room → Fermentation → Booth cool room → Ripen → Sterilization room → Black garlic sorting room → Inner packing → Outer packing → Black garlic storeroom
Whole Black Garlic,Whole Foods Black Garlic,Multi Bulb Black Garlic,Fermented Whole Black Garlic
Zhucheng Tongxi Commercial And Trade Co.,Ltd. , http://www.blackgarlicgroup.com