1, the three main branches of the base stay too low. At present, in most fruit-filled gardens, the three main branches of the base are located about 20-30 cm from the ground. This affects not only the underground management (soil management, pest control) but also the fruit quality, especially the lower main branch from the underground root system. The distribution is close, the supply of water nutrients is sufficient, and the growth of the lower shoots is often particularly strong, resulting in a strong and weak phenomenon of the whole tree. 2. The growth is not balanced. This is because there is a difference in the growth rate of the same main branch that is selected in the same year or in the same year, and the difference is significant. If such branches are not artificially regulated during pruning (strengthening and weakening the weak), it will result in prosperous growth. The more prosperous the people are, the weaker the weaker ones, and the greater the disparity between the powers, the longer the more unbalanced they are. What is particularly emphasized here is that some fruit growers do not consider the strength of the tree, the strength of the tree, the weakness of the tree, the balance between the main branches, and the love of the big branch, If you select the big branch, you will see the big branch and stay on. If you see the big branch, you will cut it out. This will increase the number of branches and forces in the branch, and it will even develop into a “king†branch, eventually reaching the end of raising the snake, and making the central backbone also fear its three points. . 3, improper handling of competition branches. The most prominent current performance is on the main branch of the central government. Because the competitive branch is the backbone branch or the middle stem extension head, and the second bud under the clipper is particularly strong, and it is evenly matched with the first bud under the clipper, and the angle between it and the central stem or main branch axis is extremely small. If such branches are not managed and controlled in time in summer tubes, such as wiping buds, picking hearts, twisting tips, softening of litchi, opening angles, and so on, it is not necessary to cut or shear at the time of winter cutting. If it is re-selected as the main branch, it would be a big mistake and a mistake (note that if it has been controlled in the summer tube, it has obviously weakened from its growth potential, it will no longer belong to the category of competition branches, if such The situation can also be selected as the main branch). Because if the competitive branches are elected as the main branches, the growth potential is particularly strong, and it will be difficult to control them later, and there will be an imbalance in growth potential between the same level of main skills; second, it will be caught by the central backbone. The base angle is extremely small, and it is difficult to open. Once the amount of fruit has increased sharply, and when it is subjected to high winds or artificial picking, the base is easily cracked. Therefore, once it is selected as the main root, it will cause great troubles and even affect the whole life of the fruit tree. Therefore, correct pruning of competing branches is the second most important issue in apple tree pruning technology, second only to pruning of stems or branches. And due to the improper handling of competing branches, it is already the most common, most serious, and most headache-prone problem in current fruit tree pruning. 4, regardless of the main and auxiliary, too many branches, the structure of the chaos. Now no matter which orchard you go to, you will always find that there is no separation between the main and the auxiliary, and there are too many branches. Many trees have not entered the full fruit period yet. There are two reasons for this phenomenon: First, after the results of auxiliary support and long-term deployment, they have not retracted, removed or even severed their bladders in time. It will cause - the auxiliary branch will grow bigger and bigger, the longer the main branch, the less space. From the aspect of appearance, the thickness of main branches and branches is basically the same, almost the same, and the degree of sharpness from the base to the slight part is very small, that is, it is uniform before and after. Such a main branch structure is called in the fruit tree: skeleton structure is not firm. The other is that there are several kinds of erroneous cuts in the rural areas: (1) Seeing the beginning of the branch, causing the branches to be long, regardless of the strength of the primary and the secondary; (2) playing the main branch. Do not hit the side branches, causing the main branch to spread slowly; (3) The main lateral branches are not headed or trimmed too lightly, causing the main branch not to flourish and the auxiliary branches not supporting. In some fruit orchards, we found that when someone pruned the main branch, they did not hit the main branch; when they were pruning the main branch, they actually kept the extension branch to a length of about 90-100 centimeters, resulting in the extension of the main branch. Very weak, only in the middle and short branches; at the same time some people in the pruning, simply do not hit the main branch also does not hit the side branches, and in the dry extension of the branch also played very weak. All of the above practical examples are the direct causes of the confusion of the skeleton of the tree, which is caused by the failure of the main branch, the unassisted support of the rearing branches, the separation between the main and the auxiliary. In addition, some fruit farmers will not manage or even mismanage management, which is also an important factor. In the above types of rural pruning methods, although the pruned trees can produce early results and many results in the third and fourth years, after long years of successive years, both the main branch and the auxiliary branches tend to have baldness at the base and middle parts. , aging, the school team all moved out, such a tree is empty, no branches, the lack of results, the surrounding branches and more dense, the entire canopy air and poor light transmission, when entering the early fruit period, especially after the fruit period, Shushi A weak growth results in a sharp decline in the output of the entire tree. At that time, the main branch has a small volume, which cannot be affixed to a large number of fruits, and the supporting branches must be retracted. 5, pull branches generally not in place. Although the fruit tree pull branch is the main technical measures in the summer tube. But here we must specifically mention that because most of the orchards now have a big mistake both in the newly planted 1-2-year-old orchards and in the early-fruit gardens, they have seen a lot of mistakes. Pulling, pulling branches, regardless of the main and auxiliary, are all pulled to the level or pulled to the state of sagging, even more the main branch pulled forward (distant or deviation from the direction of the original branch axis). There are also individual orchard heads who pull the rope across the entire crown, the head of the central trunk, to one side and directly or seriously affect the choice of the canopy skeleton. The above are all examples, and are particularly prominent in production. It is not a small problem. 6, the distance between the layers is too small. Prematurely chose to retain the main branch of the second floor, which directly caused the distance between the upper and lower floors to be too small, resulting in poor ventilation and light transmission. The quality of the fruit was poor, and the amount of the upper branch was increased too quickly. The proportion of the first and second branches was disproportionate, especially for dryness. Especially strong apples such as the Qin Guan and Red Fuji are vulnerable to strong and weak. And directly affect the extension and growth of the lower main branch. 7, the main branch cut improperly. The improper cutting of main branches is also the most serious problem currently existing in fruit tree pruning. It is manifested in the following five aspects: (1) The main side is unknown. There are two methods of pruning in the current production, resulting in the main side of the phenomenon. One is that the main lateral branches are not headed and strive for early results. The result of such pruning often occurs when two strong branches or one side and one back are issued on both sides of a part of the main branch at the same time (the back branches are flattened, but the forces are not weak), such main lateral branches, 1- After 2 years, there will be a tendency to go hand in hand, regardless of strength or weakness; the second is when the main lateral branch is short-cut, the cut length of its clippings is wrong, that is, regardless of length, regardless of height, regardless of before and after, the length of clipping. All ladders. The correct method of cutting is that the main branch should be long and dry. The main branch is higher in position than the lateral branches, from the inside to the outside of the canopy: the main branch is at the front, and the lateral branches are at the back (inside). (2) Improper clipping of main branch prolongation. At present, most clip lengths are correct. That is, the first year is about 60-70 cm; after the first year, 40-50 cm will be cut annually. However, we have found that many people remain too long (70-90 centimeters) for the extension length of the extension branch of the main branch, resulting in the main branch being not tightly compacted in the skeleton structure, and the sharpness is too small to form the necessary With a step structure, rather than long branches, the first buds together with the clips do not have long branches, which makes it impossible to cultivate lateral branches, and it also causes the generation of side branches in the distance. (3) The orientation of the lateral branches on the main branch is not uniform. This phenomenon is found in almost every tree. However, large trees cannot be saved at present. They can only be shaped with branches because of tree pruning; and the trimming of young trees, especially newly planted trees, must attract attention. The method is that, when trimming the extension branch of the stem branch each year, the third bud under the clipping must be in the same orientation of the three (2) main branch in the same layer. (4) The back branches and the competition branches are not processed in time. After the high temperature and rainy weather occurs in summer, the growth of fruit tree leaves is particularly strong, often due to the stimuli and influence of pulling branches and winter cutting wounds, it is easy to sprout some upright and vigorous branches on the back of the main branch, if not timely spraying the buds, Picking up the heart, twisting the tip and pulling the branches to change direction will result in the formation of dense and prosperous long branches. Under special circumstances, individual branches can grow up to 1-2 meters into the fritters. Disturb the layers, inefficiently consume a lot of nutrients and moisture, and also affect the growth of the main branch. If this branch is not properly handled in the winter, it will develop into a tree growth phenomenon. (5) Do not pay attention to the supporting groups. We say that in addition to the main branch extension head and side branches on the main branch, the remaining branches are treated as branches. The distribution of the branch groups must be arranged in a staggered manner according to the large, medium, and small dimensions, and the upper, middle, and middle parts of the main branch are uniformly occupied by the upper, middle (lateral), and lower parts of the main branch. Each year, all branches are pruned one by one according to the strength of the whole tree or the fruiting situation. The tree will be reached year after year and will maintain stable production and high yields. In terms of the entire province (especially in the northern Yubei region), there are still fruit orchards. Too much of the branches are too old to refresh and rejuvenate. As a result, fruit trees consume too much nutrients each year due to excessive flowering. If the orchard is weak, such an orchard will immediately cause or cause a large number of rot diseases, causing the danger of destroying the garden! Now most of the fruit growers are very unconcerned about this issue. They simply do not pay attention to it. They only pay attention to the money regardless of the tree; they only look at the immediate future and ignore the long-term. I have profound lessons on this. In other words, all the fruit trees that have spent more time during winter cutting and the branches are not updated enough, the most obvious feature after the spring is that the sprouting is late, the sprouting is less, and the shoot growth is particularly short. If it doesn't work out that the April rot disease germinates, the persistent dry weather in August will cause the young fruit to turn red, the leaves fall off, the trees dry up, and finally the tree will have to be sawn. In addition, the branch group is the smallest (ie, basic) unit in which the tree bears fruit after the fruit period, especially the fruit tree, and is the sum of the resulting parts. Therefore, the amount of flower buds that is retained by the tree branches during winter cutting directly determines the weight of the tree in the coming year. This indirectly reflects the strength or weakness of the tree's growth. In short, the pruning of the branches belongs to the category of fine pruning, that is to say, the pruning of the branches is mainly in the early stage and pruning of the branches is supplemented. After the fruit stage, the branches become the subject of pruning in the whole village. However, it must coordinate with the entire tree, crown frame structure (trimming), and pre-flower shearing and thinning and fruit thinning, in order to ensure the robust growth of fruit trees and maximize the fruitful period of fruit trees. .
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