(1) Seeding period The determination of the winter sowing time for sowing shall be based on the following two principles: one is safe wintering, and the number of suitable plants per unit area is guaranteed; second, early spring overharvesting takes place to ensure the unity of yield and income. From the relationship between the sowing date and yield components, the more late the winter sowing, the later the emergence, and the lower the temperature after emergence, the slower the differentiation of leaf primordium, the less the number of differentiated leaves. The low temperature is also not conducive to the increase of leaf area and leaf weight, so the growth of individual plants is very slow. The flower buds that differentiated during the year or early spring, after encountering the conditions of increasing spring temperature and lengthening sunshine, soon convulsed and blossomed, and the weight of the individual plant was low, which did not achieve the goal of early recovery and over collection. Summarizing the experience of various regions, appropriate early sowing should be conducted before the autumn spinach begins harvesting, so that the suitable temperature period for the increase of leaf number and leaf weight can be lengthened, and before the low temperature comes, grow into a robust plant with about 10 leaves. It is best to consult local meteorological data and to sow when the average daily temperature falls to 17-19°C in the autumn based on changes in temperature during the year. (2) Variety and Seed Selection Based on the low temperature conditions in various places in winter, select varieties that can safely pass through the winter in the area and have strong cold resistance. Seeds harvested from the sowing winter plantings should be selected. The seed particles are relatively full, and the hardiness of their offspring can be increased by natural selection. Selected as fully mature, large and heavy seeds. In order to solve the problem of slow germination and low germination rate, seed treatment methods can be adopted before sowing. Selected as fully mature, large and heavy seeds. In order to solve the problem of slow germination and low germination rate, seed treatment methods can be adopted before sowing. (3) Seed treatment before sowing The spinach fruits are often aggregated together and should be scattered before sowing so that the emergence is even. Spinach seed outside the hard skin, the inner layer of cortical thick-walled cells developed, moisture and air is not easy to penetrate, if not treated before sowing, after sowing seedlings slowly. In order to speed up emergence, soaking and pregermination are generally used for sowing. Treatment of spinach fruits with chemical agents has obvious effects on the promotion of germination. The methods are: 1 Soaking seeds with hydrogen peroxide. The seeds were soaked with 5% hydrogen peroxide for 16 hours or soaked with 30% hydrogen peroxide for 1 hour. After treatment, the skin becomes thin. After washing with water, if the seed coat can be clearly seen through the peel, it indicates that the degree of soaking is appropriate. Then the seeds are rinsed with tap water and placed at a temperature of about 20°C to germinate. The germination potential is within 7 days. The percentage of germinating seeds was nearly 2 times higher than that of normal soaking with water for 24 hours, and the germination rate (percentage of germinated seeds within 14 days) was increased by 85%. 2 soaking with sulfuric acid. Duplicate 50% sulfuric acid solution, put it in spinach fruit, soak for 15 minutes, remove it and wash it with tap water, and then put it under the temperature of about 20 °C. The effect is slightly worse than soaking seeds with hydrogen peroxide. (4) There are sowing and sowing methods for sowing and sowing. Areas that are too cold during the winter and the deaths are not severe during the winter are generally broadcast. In areas where the winter is severe and the deaths are severe during the winter, such as the northeast, north, and north of the north, in order to make the seed cover thicker and have the same depth, it is better to cultivate strong, cold-resistant seedlings. Drilling method. The ditch is 10 to 15 centimeters apart and the ditch is 2-3 centimeters deep. After the seeds are sown, the soil is compacted and then watered. The sowing amount of overwintering spinach varies greatly from region to region. The younger people have 3 to 4 kilograms per mu; more than 10 kilograms per mu. In areas where the average minimum winter temperature is not lower than 10°C in the winter, when the seed quality is high, the sowing date is appropriate, the seedlings are not sown, and the harvest time is one-time, the seeding amount per mu is preferably 4-5 kilograms; if the sowing date is later or When harvesting, the seeding rate can be increased appropriately. In areas with severe cold in the northeast, northwest, and north China, the growth of the seedlings before the winter is small. If the seeding rate is small, the seedlings grow sparsely. When the “frozen water†is poured, the roots and necks of the soil are easily exposed and the roots and necks are frozen. Dry and dry during the winter, "dry neck" phenomenon. So the general sowing amount is larger, 10-12 kilograms per mu. Excerpt from: Ainong.com
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