Straw mushroom is a kind of thermophilic and hi moist grass rot fungus. The cultivation technique is easy to grasp, low in cost and profitable, and it is the fastest-growing type of mushroom. However, after the straw mushroom is sown, some abnormal phenomena often occur during its growth, which affects both the yield and the quality. For this reason, after discovering, we must promptly find out the reasons and take measures to reduce losses. The causes and prevention measures of the abnormal phenomenon that appear in the growth of the straw mushroom are described below, for the reference of the straw mushroom grower. First, hypha shrinking In general, about 12 hours after sowing straw mushroom, the germinating seeds should germinate and begin to grow into the material. If the hyphae do not germinate or grow into the material 24 hours after sowing, hyphae may have atrophied. 1. Causes of mycelial atrophy (1) High-temperature burning bacteria When the temperature in the culture material exceeds 45°C for a long time, the hyphae will shrink and die. (2) Drug influences The straw mushroom is very sensitive to pesticides. After sowing, some farmers use pesticides to prevent insects from killing insects, causing the mycelium to shrink due to injury. (3) Hypoxic asphyxiation culture material has high water content (more than 70%), or the plastic film is covered too tightly, making the mushroom mycelium shrink due to lack of oxygen and suffocation. (4) Ammonia damage is caused by excess urea in the culture material, or the content of fertilizer in the field is high, and the ammonia gas that is evaporated out cannot be emitted, that is, it will cause damage to the mushroom mycelium. (5) The bacterial strains of the inferior strains are too short or too long, weak in viability, poor in stress resistance, and shrivel under unfavorable environmental conditions. (6) Temperature difference is too large Mycelium of straw mushroom is more sensitive to temperature difference. If the temperature is above 32°C during the day and below 28°C during the night, after the water is sprayed, hyphae will shrink. (7) Occurrence of pests in pest culture materials, which results in atrophy of the hyphae due to pest bites. 2. The prevention of hyphae atrophy The growth cycle of straw mushrooms is short. If hyphae are found to be shriveled, it is necessary to find out the reasons promptly, take effective measures, and replant new species to reduce unnecessary losses. Specific measures are: (1) To prevent the cultivation of Yangshuo, which is exposed to high temperatures, it is best to use a simple awning to prevent burn out of mycelium at high temperatures at noon. When composting, the material temperature should reach about 75°C and be turned twice. The thickness of the material when entering the bed depends on the season. The thickness of the material in the greenhouse in early spring and late autumn should be thicker. (2) Do not use pesticides to prevent pests from being processed when raw materials are processed, and no pesticides can be applied to the surface after sowing. (3) Moisture should be appropriately sowed when the moisture content of the culture material is about 62%, and the material has 1 to 2 drops of water from the fingers to seep out as the degree. In the case of culture materials with high moisture and air temperature, the film covering the surface of the material should be propped up for ventilation. (4) The amount of urea added to prevent ammonia damage should not exceed 0.2%, and it should be added when stockpiling. (5) Selection of high-quality strains of straw mushroom strains 15 to 20 days of bacterial age, uniform distribution of mycelium, vigorous and orderly growth, hyphae gray and glossy, red-brown chlamydospores, no bacteria, no insects as well . The bacterial age of more than 1 month should not be used. (6) According to the temperature at that time, the temperature of the water culture material should be controlled flexibly. The water temperature of the water spray should be basically the same as the temperature. (7) Do a good job of environmental sanitation, pay attention to the pest control cultivation site away from the poultry house, the material should be clean and free of mildew, use 2 to 3 days before exposure, mushroom house completely disinfected to eliminate the source of insects. Second, hyphae in the fungus stage, the material surface to form a large number of white villous aerial hyphae for the hyphae phenomenon. After the mycelium grows too long, it cannot be transferred into reproductive growth in time, the buds are postponed, there are fewer mushrooms, and the yield is low. 1. The reason for the impetuousness of hyphae is more common in cases of poor ventilation. High temperature in the material bed, high humidity, and high carbon dioxide concentration stimulate the hypha growth. 2. Mycelium grows in the prevention of material covering the plastic film, generally 2 ~ 3d after the growth of the mycelium, the film should be regularly removed during the day, with proper ventilation and cooling, dehumidification, to promote the mushroom mycelium to material growth. Third, the buds are budding This is the straw mushroom inoculation 2 ~ 3d, the appearance of white mushroom buds on the naked material surface phenomenon. 1. Propagation of strains Causes of mushroom sheds are too strong, and the strains are stimulated by light, causing some of the hyphae to kink and prematurely form mushroom buds; bacteria species that are too long are too easy to produce mushroom buds too early on the strains. . 2. Prophylaxis of bacterial strains should be performed with the appropriate bacterial strains. After inoculation, the bacterial strains are covered with a thin layer of culture material that does not expose them. The sheds are covered with straw curtains to make the light in the sheds dark, which is beneficial to the mycelium. Germination and eating. Fourth, umbilicus mushroom In the formation of fruiting bodies, the top of the outer film has a neat circular gap, which resembles a navel. This phenomenon affects both yield and quality. 1. Umbilical Mushroom Causes Umbrella mushrooms occur mainly in poorly ventilated, high-concentration carbon dioxide plants. 2. Prevention of umbilicus mushroom During the formation of the fruit body of grass mushroom, the respiration volume is increased and the oxygen demand is increased. The management should be regularly ventilated to keep the air fresh, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of mushroom. Fifth, fruiting body white hair on the surface of the grass mushroom fruiting body, grow thick white fluff. Affect the maturation of the fruiting body and even cause it to shrink and die. 1. The main reason for the long hair of fruiting body is poor ventilation, lack of oxygen, and high carbon dioxide concentration, which inhibits the reproductive growth of straw mushroom and stimulates its vegetative growth. 2. Prevention of fruiting body white hair Strengthen ventilation, maintain fresh air, white hairs can fade on their own. VI. Mushroom wilting In practice, the death of mushroom buds is common. In particular, after the occurrence of the second tidal mushroom, the wilting is more serious. The withering of mushroom buds not only leads to a decrease in straw yield, but also results in a failure of the pellets. 1. Causes of wilting of mushroom buds (1) The vegetative propagation of strains of degrading strains (total number of tube transformation) is too much, the cultivation age of species is too long, the species of bacteria is aging, and the viability is reduced, causing mushroom buds to wither due to insufficient nutrition. (2) The environment is not suitable for a large temperature difference, and the formed mushroom buds are wilted due to cold injury (below 20°C); in high temperature season, mushroom buds are wilted due to high temperature, high humidity, poor ventilation, and difficulty in breathing; hyphae are premature The formation of mushroom buds, nutrition can not afford to wither; mushrooms bud atrophy due to severe water loss. (3) Poor management of stacking materials is not tight, hyphae are loose, and mushroom buds are withered due to insufficient nutrition; in the summer season, well water below 20°C or hot water above 40°C is sprayed, causing temperature changes. Withered; culture materials become sour, mycelial growth is very weak, causing mushroom buds withered; mushrooms are affected by the mushroom buds that are growing alongside, withered due to ending nutrition. (4) Pests and pests, pests, fleas, and damage to mushroom buds withered; soft rot caused by residual mushrooms, resulting in the lower tide mushroom withered and so on. (2) Prevention of wilting of mushroom buds (1) The selection of high-quality strains requires proper temperature preservation, and the cultivated species age is within 1 month, pure and absolutely free of bacteria. (2) The scientific management of the young buds of straw mushroom is a sensitive period, maintaining relatively stable temperature in the bacteria bed and mushroom house. Relatively constant air humidity, fresh air and moderate light are the key to high-yield and stable production technology. During the mushrooming period, the temperature in the shed is preferably 28 to 32°C, and the material temperature is preferably 33 to 35°C. The relative humidity of the air is 90% and the moisture content is about 65%. When the water is replenished, the nozzle is upwards, and the droplets must be fine. Note that the water temperature is consistent with the temperature of the shed so as not to harm the young mushrooms. After the water is sprayed, the water vapor is not allowed to pass through the vent, and the light is dark. The illuminance of 50-100 lx is appropriate. Pick mushrooms gently to pick, avoid hard pull, so as not to affect the surrounding mycelium, mushrooms must be picked together, should not adopt large stay small. (3) Adjust the pH before stockpiling with 2% to 3% of fresh lime water to soak the material. The pH of the heaped material should be around 9; after the mushroom is harvested, spray 1% of the lime water to maintain the pH value of the material pile. 8 or so. (4) Prevention and control of pests and raw materials should be fresh, fully dried, not degraded, and should be cleaned in the sun to prevent the occurrence of diseases, insects and miscellaneous bacteria. Adding 3% tea cake powder during stacking has the effect of controlling pests.
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