Characteristics and cultivation techniques of Magnolia officinalis

Magnolia officinalis, alias Chuanpu, etc., Magnolia genus Magnolia genus is one of the precious flowers of China's specialties, and it is a traditional valuable medicinal plant. Magnolia officinalis and its variant Magnolia officinalis are the national three-level protection of endangered plants. 1, botanical deciduous trees, 15-20 meters high. Bark thick, purple-brown or gray-brown, smooth without cracking. Leaves alternate, leaves large, length 20-48 cm, width 12-25 cm, leathery, 7-9 sets of branches, obovate or oblong-obovate, apex short cuspidate or obtuse, base cuneate, green above, The back is gray-green, gray-gray, with obvious white powder; petiole is short and villous. Flowers white, diameter 10-15 cm, aromatic. Petals - 17 pieces, thick fleshy, pedicel short, villous. Aggregate fruit oblong-ovate, woody, 9-15 cm long, broad-base base; ? 2-3 cm pod, containing 1-2 seeds, seed coat bright red. Flowering from April to June, fruit ripening period of 10 months. Magnolia has a sister species, namely Magnolia officindisalis Rehd. Et Wils.ssp.biloba (Rehd.et Wils.) Law, the difference between this variant and Magnolia is mainly the blade tip recessed, 2 blunt shallow lobes, polymeric fruit base is narrow. However, the tip of the seedling leaves is obtuse and not hollow. The flowering and fruiting seasons are basically the same as those of Magnolia. 2. Ecological characteristics Magnolia is a positive flower, but it is slightly shade-tolerant, especially in its young age. It usually grows in mountainous areas with high relative humidity, fog, and sunshine. Hi fertile, with plenty of humus, moist, loose, well-drained acidic, slightly acidic and neutral soil, generally good or good growth in the mountain yellow, yellow red soil, fertile and moist in the wild in the rocks, river banks, hawthorn, etc. The place. The annual average temperature of the producing areas is 16-20°C, the annual rainfall is 800-1800 mm, and the relative humidity is 70-90%. Compared with the cold-resistant, the growth in the mountains at -12°C has no chilling damage; it is not drought-resistant and is not resistant to water and moisture. In Hengshan, Hunan, there is a small patch of magnolia in the mountains from an altitude of 400-1000 m, which grows and flourishes. The 15th-year-old plants began to blossom and become more fruitful, with more than 20 years entering the fruit period. The primary roots of Magnolia are not obvious, but the lateral roots are well developed. 3. Breeding and cultivation techniques are usually based on sowing and nursery, and can also be produced by layering or tillering. In late October, when the peel cracks, red seeds emerge; when selecting a large, full and full fruit from a strong mother tree, pick it up, spread it in the sun until it peels, remove the seeds, and dip into the cold water bubble 1-2 Days, until the seed coat becomes soft, that is to say, remove the fish and put it in the bowl. Use your feet (a handful of hands are available) to step on the bowl and rub off the oil wax layer with water. Then rinse it with warm water and sow. The seeds and coarse sand can also be mixed and rubbed repeatedly to remove the epidermis wax layer and the seeds can be sowed. 3.1 Before sowing, we must first select nursery land: fertile soil, adequate water supply, well-drained water, grab deep-turning land in summer or winter, apply sufficient basal fertilizer, and use organic manure better (not less than 2000 per mu. Kilograms), evenly plunged into the soil, to make 1 meter wide; 20 centimeters high seedbeds, drills, row spacing 30 centimeters, open depth 3-4 centimeters, width 2-3 centimeters sow the ditch, sprinkle seeds in the ditch, Seeds about 5-6 cm, covered with fine soil about 3 cm, covered with a layer of straw; keep the soil moist. When sprouting 1/3-1/2 of the unearthed, gently cover off the grass in the evening or cloudy days, and do a good job in field management such as loosing soil, weeding, pest control, topdressing and drought fighting. The seedlings can grow to 30-40 cm in that year. After defoliation in winter, the seedlings are transplanted or colonized before sprouting in late spring. In general, planting spacing is 23 meters or 33 meters or 34 meters. The survival rate is high, and almost 1 plant is planted and 1 plant is alive. Within two years after planting, young trees were tended in spring and autumn for one time, mainly for weeding, ripping, and cultivating. If the roots sprouted, they could be removed in time and they could be closed after a few years. 3.2 Batten propagation: On the plants of about 10 years old, the fine sprouts of 1-2 years old near the ground are selected. From November to early spring in March of the following year, the twigs are bred and the roots are germinated. It can also be planted when it is 30-40 cm high. 3.3 seedling propagation: in the early spring, choose a 30-50 cm high sprout, dig the roots of the soil, in the outside of the seedlings and the main junction, cross the seedling stem 1/2, grasp the seedlings in the lower part of the incision to the opposite One side of the pressure, the seedlings from the incision up longitudinal crack, crack about 5 cm long, a small stone clip in the cracks, you can cultivate soil, to the ground 15-20 cm, slightly compacted. In the future, the organic fertilizer should be properly applied to promote rooting. In late spring, digging earth and cutting the seedlings from the roots of the mother plants can be transplanted. In the growth of Magnolia officinalis for more than 15 years, the bark is sometimes thin. In the spring, the trunk of the trunk can be cut obliquely by 2~3 knives so that nutrients can accumulate and the bark can be thickened, which is beneficial to harvesting after a few years. Bark is the main medicinal site.

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