Since the beginning of the 70th century in the 20th century, China has studied aphrodisiac as a harmful and ferocious fish, mainly studying how to limit its population development in reservoirs. The fish live in the upper and middle layers of the water body, and the wild fish and white fish mainly depend on meat and food. In recent years, the research of Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries has proved that Aphrodisiac can completely eat artificial compound feed. The biological characteristics of Aphrodisiac The habits of Aphrodisiac are fishes that live in large bodies of water such as lakes, reservoirs, and outboards. Adult fish are generally active in the upper waters of open water areas, swimming quickly, sexual violence, and good jumps; juvenile fish live in shallow water areas with relatively slow water flow. 2. The external appearance of the mouth is superior, the mandible is thick and upturned; the hypopharyngeal tooth is slightly curved at the top, the slender and slender, the zygomatic 3 chamber, the middle chamber is large; there is a ventral rib from the pelvic basal to the anus, and the dorsal fin stings are thick; The upper part of the body is gray and its abdomen is silver-white; it is long and flat. 3. Eating habits (1) The frequency of feeding is high, and feeding during the cold winter and reproductive periods is as usual. (2) Feed mainly on fish. The food is very selective. It is mostly small and medium sized fish, such as pheasants, cockroaches and fishes. (3) As the individual grows up, appetite changes significantly; small individuals mainly feed on algae, aquatic insects, etc., and those with a body length of 24 cm or more use fish as the main bait. Artificially bred under artificial conditions can feed fish gizzards, as well as chilled fish and artificial feed. 4. Reproductive characteristics Aphrodisiac red fish white has obvious upstream spawning habits. In mid-May each year, it gradually enters the sexual maturity stage, from mid-June to mid-July (10 days after the Lunar New Year's Breeding to 10 days after the small-summer heat). It is the peak of reproduction and it ends in early August. Males 2 are sexually mature in winter, 3 are mature in winter, and 2 are rare in winter. The number of females receiving eggs is 150,000 to 200,000 tablets/kg. 5. It grows rapidly and has a large body size. It can grow up to 10-15 kilograms and 0.5-1.5 kilograms for common individuals. Under normal circumstances, the length of the head of the fish is the fastest in the first year, followed by the second year. From the third year, the annual growth of body length has gradually declined. Under artificial conditions, after 8 to 10 months of feeding, 70% of seedlings of 7 cm can grow into commercial fish of 0.5 kg or more. 1st and 2nd instar fishes are in a vigorous growth period, and over 3 years old are in a slow growth period. After sexual maturation of females, the growth rate did not decrease significantly, and females grew faster than males. 6. Age In general, the age of the white mullet can be identified with scales. Natural aphrodisiac red fish white age can reach 9 instar. The relationship between the age, body length, and body weight of Aphrodisiac is quite complex, but the body length of Aphrodisiac is directly proportional to the diameter of the flake. Aphrodisiac breeding artificial breeding 1. Collect artificially hatched eggs of the red-mouthed white diarrhea fish. If it is difficult to harvest and breed the broiled white broilers of the red-mouthed mullet, the places where conditions permit can take into account the spawning grounds of the white mullet, and artificially place some young roots. Brown handle, etc., to collect the white mouth fertilized egg. 2. Breeding of the artificially-breeding Aphrodisiac broached white crouching fish, Aphrodisiac, red-fish, white-fish, generally occurs in upper and lower layers of water in open water areas, swimming rapidly, sexual violence, and good jumping, so general gill-net fishing is not suitable for broodstock, and less Some fishing rods are suitable for broodstock fishing. Aphrodisiac is best transported by nylon bag with oxygen, one end/one bag. 3. After the breeding of spare broodstock can be used immature Aphrodisiac white fish breeding 2 to 3 years later do broodstock. The appropriate stocking density is about 200 kg per mu. A small amount of 0.25 kg of squid was stocked to help regulate water quality. It is best to feed live feed fish or mixed feed such as fish paste and fish meal cocoon. The feeding amount is 1 to 7% of the fish's body weight. According to the water temperature and the broodstock feeding situation, it can be controlled flexibly. Fresh spring water is injected into the river 2 or 3 times a week after the spring, and an aerator is set to increase oxygen every day to keep the water high in dissolved oxygen. At the beginning of the year, individual body weights of broodstock reached an average of 0.6-0.8 kg, and a few reached more than 2 kg. The vast majority of fish have matured gonads. 4. Identification of female and male fish and selection of mature broodstock The general principle is to select large, robust and non-injured female and male fish for oxytocin use. Sexually mature males have a rough feel on the head and body surface. The abdomen does not inflate and is lightly pressured with milky white semen; sexually mature females have smooth head and body hand touches, and the abdomen expands and softens, the outline of the ovary on both sides is clear, and the reproductive hole is reddish. 5. Artificial oxytocin production can be carried out at home fish breeding facilities. Urge water for fresh river water. Inducing drug use pituitary, DOM, LRH-A and HCG. Use 1 injection. 6. Embryonic development Observed fertilized eggs due to the thickness of the membrane, it is usually difficult to observe the embryonic development. After impregnating the embryo with a certain concentration of trypsin, the egg membrane gradually becomes soft and thin until the membrane is easily peeled off. In this way, the development of the embryo can be clearly observed. 7. Results and summary (1) Broodstock was intensively cultivated until late April each year. Female and male fish were examined and both were found to be mature. Many subsequent manual elicitings were successful. A total of 80 million fry were produced in five years. This shows that Aphrodisiac can be adapted to grow in the fish ponds in Zhejiang Province and the gonadal development and maturation. (2) Pond rearing mouth red fish white minimum sexual maturity age Female and male fish are 2 winters old, large individuals (0.8 kg or more) can be selected for initial artificial oxytocin production. The water temperature for oxytocin production ranges from 20 to 30°C, and the suitable water temperature for oxytocin production ranges from 26 to 27°C. (3) The use of DOM+LRH-A mixed oxytocin has good results. The oxytocin effect has a close relationship with water temperature. Within a certain water temperature range, the higher the water temperature, the shorter the effect time; the lower the water temperature, the longer the effect time. Culturing of red-fish white fishes in the summer To develop artificial breeding of red-fish white fish, the Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries carried out the cultivation of artificial feeds for the cultivation of white-summer flowers of the red snapper and the winter-finish fish species. And other tests. The following is a summary of the experiments on the cultivation of summer fish species of the fish as follows: Fry source. The fish fry cultivated by the summer fry were cultivated in the pond for 2 years, and the wild species of the red-white fish were cultivated as mature broodstock that can be inactivated by production, fertilization and hatching. 2. Breed ponds. The ponds for summer flower species breeding trials are common fish ponds with an area of ​​1~7 mu and a water depth of 1.0~1.2 meters. The test ponds were sterilized with lime liquor ponds in the week prior to stocking and breeding. , cultivate the test pond water, transparency 20 ~ 50cm. 3. Water source. Swirling water, fresh water, rich oxygen, no pollution. Incubation pond water is filtered with a 70-mesh sieve bag. 4. Fry stocking. The fry stocks of the summer flower species breeding test ponds were stocked on the 3rd day after the hatching of the fertilized eggs. Summer fish species breeding ponds have a stocking density of 20 to 100,000 tails/mu. The stocking summer flower density of fish breeding ponds is 1.5-0.8 thousand tails/mu. 5. feed. Summer fish species breeding feed mainly includes soybean milk and fish meal, silkworm cocoon powder, soybean meal powder, and No. 4 flour, etc. Powdered feed can be used for rearing fingerlings. 6. management. The “fat water†pond method was used, and new water was added at appropriate times. The pond water level gradually increased with the increase of the cultivation time and the growth of the fish body. Summer fish species breeding base fertilizer - soybean milk - powder feed. The late fingerling cultivation can be formulated with feed to supplement the deficiency of natural food. It is fed 3 times a day until the summer flowers and fish species come out of the pond. Before the summer flowers and fish species come out of the pond, they must undergo 2 or 3 pull-net exercises. Aphrodisiac white larvae live transport due to the late breeding season of Aphrodisiac red fish white (from June to July, the peak appears from late June to mid-July), and the seeds are supplied in June, July and August. A season is generally in the highest temperature stage, especially fry, the difficulty of transportation of fish species, low survival rate, long-distance transport, greater risk, often causing serious economic losses; Aphrodisiac white transport technology has become Aphrodisiac Industrialization is an important guarantee. 1. The main points of the transport technology of fry The white fingerlings of the fingerlings are those of the artificially propagated red salamander (normally the head of the red salamander is 4 to 5 days after puerpera). (1) The time of the fry of the red-fish-white fry is much smaller than that of the common freshwater fry, especially delicate, with little yolk and fast growth. Therefore, the fry of the red-fish white fry should be transported. Time is slightly ahead of time, depending on the length of transportation time. If the transportation time is longer than 15 hours, then the fry can be raised and transported, that is, the transport seedlings should be tender; if the fry points are already out, the transport time is the most It is better not to exceed 4 hours, that is, under the pond seedlings should not be too old. (2) Aphrodisiac redfish White fish seedlings Bagging density Apical mouth Red fish White fish fry Bagging The entire operation must be carried out with water. The method of transporting the fish of the red-and-white fish is generally 303040cm with a nylon bag. Each bag can hold 3 to 80,000 tails. The water temperature is 23~25°C. The transportation time can be 15 to 24 hours, and the survival rate is very high. (3) Mosquito-fish-white fry transport Special attention to several points Alice's beetle Red-fish-white-fry-frying After arranging time and density, pay special attention to: First, the nylon bag water is not mixed with aquatic organisms, especially aquatic animals, followed by requirements. The fry transport process, to avoid strong vibration bumps, and finally to prevent the water temperature changes too fast. 2. Main points of the transportation technology of summer flowers (1) The fishing time of the red-mouthed whitefish and white summer flowers is generally 2cm or more, and at least once before the summer flowers are transported. In practice, the fishing time for summer flowers is usually in the morning or evening. The main consideration is to lower the water temperature during summer fishing. Summer heat, taking into account the floating head and low temperature of the fry in the morning, in order to catch the plane for air transport, you can catch the fry the evening before, put it in the seedling box flush, and ship to the next morning. (2) The density of the white-summer flowers of the Aphrodisiac redfish is to be sufficient for the summer flowering time. Short-distance transportation, summer flower flush time is generally more than 2 hours; long-distance transport, summer flower flush time can be 5 to 15 hours. Aphrodisiac whitefish fishing and packaging is generally better with water operations. Alice red? Summer flower transport is generally used nylon bags oxygenation, nylon bag specifications for 303040cm, water temperature (25 ~ 30) °C, each bag can hold 1500 ~ 3000, can be transported for 18 to 12 hours. (3) Alice mouth red? Summer flower transport special attention to the number of mouth red mouth? Summer flower transportation After the arrangement of good time and density, special attention: Summer flower flush time should be sufficient, summer fishing and packaging generally The operation with water is better. Secondly, the summer flower transport process is required to avoid strong vibration and bumps. The last point is to prevent the water temperature from changing too quickly. 3. The main points of fish species transportation technology (1) The time of catching the red snapper? The time of the fishing time of the fingerling is red, the transportation of the fingerling is more than 7~15cm, and the fishing time of the fingerling is generally from November to April. The main consideration is whether the captured water has icing, such as icing must be icing away. The fish species should be exercised more than once before transport. The time for flushing the fish species is usually more than 3 hours. Aphrodisiac, fishing and packing of fish species can also be operated away from water. It is generally better to carry water. Mainly to prevent bruising, resulting in the occurrence of water mold. Cockroach red fish can be shipped with fish dumplings, but the inside of the fish gizzard should be smooth, such as nylon lining, to prevent bruising the fish body, while at the same time to be sub-enclosed to prevent the fish species from spreading out. The interior of the fish bowl is supplied with pure oxygen. Aphrodisiac? Notes on the Use of Drugs As most aquaculture species inevitably suffer from bacterial, fungal or parasitic diseases in the growing process, the problem of disease control and drug use has also been encountered in the cultivation of Euphorbia. Due to the different sensitivities of different cultured species to fish medicines, we tested the susceptibility of several commonly used fishery drugs to serve aquaculture production. 1. Quicklime Quicklime is commonly used to control bacterial, fungal and algal diseases. The conventionally used spray concentration in production is 14 to 20 ppm. The experimental results show that the safe concentration of quicklime is 9.018 ppm. The lowest lethal concentration of quicklime is 25.1ppm, which can cause a 10% mortality rate. Therefore, the production should be used carefully according to the conditions of the pool. 2. Trichloroisocyanuric acid trichloroisocyanuric acid is widely used for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases in fish. The safe concentration is 0.136ppm, and the conventional spray concentration is 0.1 to 0.5ppm. The experimental results show that 0.398ppm of trichloroisocyanuric acid can cause a 10% mortality in Aphrodisiac, so it should be used with caution. Aphrodisiac? Various modes of artificial breeding First, the pond culture mode This is the main mode of breeding around the current red mouth, breeding ponds with 2 ~ 10 acres is appropriate, water depth 1.2 ~ 2.5 meters, flat bottom, silt Not thick, easy to enter and drain, in order to facilitate the pool water exchange. The water quality is fresh, the water source is adequate and non-pollution, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is required to be over 4mg/l, the transparency is about 40cm, the pH is 7.2~8.5, and each pool is equipped with a 0.75~1.5kw aerator according to the size of the pond. It will help increase the output per unit area. About 15 days before the stocking, the dry clear pond was disinfected with quicklime, with a dosage of 75 to 100 kg per mu, which mainly killed potential pathogens and other predator organisms. After 2 days, the pool water was drained and exposed for future use. The stocking species of Aphrodisiac should be a 10 to 15 cm piece of winter fish, and the stocked area should be between 800 and 1000. At the same time, a small amount of oysters, clams, and squid can be stocked. The stocking time ranges from November of each year to March of the following year. The feeds fed are live bait fish, sea freshwater chilled fish (prepared fish fillets, post-cut filleting) and artificial compound feed. The model is suitable for contiguous ponds, which is conducive to centralized management and convenient fishing. The method of catching large and small animals can also be adopted in breeding, so that the amount of adult fish listed is relatively unfocused, so that the price of fish will not be affected and economic efficiency will be improved. Special breeding aquaculture Alice mouth red? Generally more than 400 kilograms per mu, so pay attention to the prevention and treatment of fish diseases in the management of fish, feed bait and prevent fish floating head work. Second, the cage cage mode This breeding mode is suitable for rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other large surface waters, the surrounding environment without chemical companies and no sewage sources, requiring water quality in line with GBll607-1989 national fishery water quality standards. The web site should be selected in the water depth of more than 4 meters, the transparency of more than 0.5 meters, dissolved oxygen 5 mg / liter or more, pH value of 7 to 8.5 of the water, at the same time can consider the water flow of water as well, the flow rate of 1 m / s, so that water The amount of oxygen is sufficient for the growth of fish. Net cages are generally made of floating type. The nets are knitted with a polythene wire. The size of the nets is determined by stocking the fish's mouth. The specifications of the cages should be determined according to the actual needs of the production, and open-type hexahedral square or rectangular cages are to be made. The common specifications (length, width, height) are 4m 4m 3m or 5m 3m 3m. The frame is made of bamboo or wood, etc. Made of materials, arranged in a "good" shape as well. Aphrodisiac stockings should be conducted in the winter, stocking 8 to 12 cm fish 60 to 80 tails per square meter, and breeding - 40 to 50 kg per square meter of commercial fish. There are two kinds of chilled fish and compound feed for feeding the bait, and the daily feeding amount is generally 5% to 8% of the fish's body weight. Follow the principle of small amount of feeding. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the management of cages and wash the attachments on the walls of the cages in order to facilitate the flow of water inside and outside the tanks and increase the dissolved oxygen; timely check whether the cages are damaged and prevent the occurrence of fish escape. The cages raise the mouth and mouth red, and have the advantages of high yield per unit area, convenient fishing, and flexible listing, and can be marketed according to market conditions, which is conducive to the improvement of economic benefits. Three, four fish ponds fish pond fishing mode Pro-fish ponds generally have a large area, deep water, good water quality and relatively low stocking density, etc., in the full use of effective water and does not affect the growth of broodstock, take the appropriate Euphorbia scrofulaceum can not only eliminate small fish in the pool, but also increase economic income. The breeding time of Aphrodisiac is generally after the artificial breeding of the four major species of fish, which takes place in about the middle or late June. There are 40 to 50 tassels per acre, and the yield of a mu product is 20 to 30 kilograms, such as salmon or Carp is a broodstock for fish, and the number of jackpots per acre can also increase. In the case of ponds with broodstock in the future, the end of June and beginning of July can be used to put 1,000 species of blue-fish and summer fish per acre. This will not only provide fresh live bait for Euphorbia, but also a relatively large-scale species of herring. Can kill two birds with one stone. The advantage of adopting acupuncture at the pro-fish pond is that the survival rate is high and the input is small and the output is large. The arrest of the adult fish can be carried out when the broodstock is artificially propagated, so it does not affect the growth of the broodstock. This model is mainly suitable for large-scale farms where the artificial breeding of four major fishes is the mainstay. Four, adult fish breeding pond polyculture model This mode of farming is mainly suitable for general conventional adult fish farming, according to the fish of different feeding habits and habitat habits with different polyculture, is a more economical and reasonable farming methods. Adult fish ponds generally have more small fish, and they are fresh and live baits for their red mouth. Mixed rearing of red beaks will gradually eliminate small miscellaneous fish, reduce the consumption of dissolved oxygen in the pool and compete for food and other disadvantages. Can increase unit production. Aphrodisiac stockings are usually carried out at the same time as other fish species, especially when wintering time is good, fish species are not easy to be injured, the polyculture ratio is 10%~15%, and about 80~120 acres per acre can be produced. 40~60 kg of fish. This model is widely used everywhere, especially for small and medium-sized farmers, its advantages are easy to manage, does not affect the growth of other fish, the technical point is that the specifications of conventional fish species when stocking is larger, in summer when the high temperature should be opened timely oxygenation Machine to prevent fish pan pan death. Fifth, the polyculture and nesting mode of the crab pool This breeding mode is mainly based on the characteristics of lower crab monoculture yield, low water utilization rate, more wild fish in the pond, and different habitat habits between river crabs and avocado reds. design. 1 Polyculture: 200 to 400 kg of crab species per acre, 400 to 500 fish of 8 to 12 cm in size, and stocking time in the winter or before the end of March. This model can improve the utilization of water, and the amount of feed and feed is calculated based on the weight of the two. The feed rate is generally controlled at 5% to 8%, depending on the water temperature, water quality, and weather changes. When bait is fed, the mouth is red, and usually only the feed that floats on the water is eaten. Some of the feed that is put in is not eaten by the fish and sinks into the bottom of the water. The crab prefers to eat on the water bottom. Can play a double breeding effect. 2 Sets: Suitable for units and individuals that are mainly cultivated river crabs and have a large overall breeding scale. Generally, from March to April, 15 to 20 tails of red-cocktail fish species with a size of 5 to 8 cm per mu will be raised. Can produce 10~15 kg of commercial fish per mu, although yield per mu is not high, but the overall area is large, the output is still considerable, and the same economic benefits are also good. The technical point is that the size of the crab crab species should be slightly larger, and the raising of the breeding mouth should be done after the stocking of crab crab species. Sixth, the pearl pond culture pond nesting mode This breeding mode is mainly based on the pearl oysters and Aphrodite red? The diet, habitat habits and pearl oyster breeding pond wild fish more characteristics of the design. The breeding time of fish heads is usually in the annual winter or March of the following year. The number of fingerlings per mu can be adjusted with the management and breeding techniques of farmers (units). Such as the red mouth feeding food can be put more appropriate, mu nest 6~10 cm specifications mouth red fish species 150 to 200 fish can produce goods 80 to 120 kg of fish; if not feeding, acres Raise 20 to 40 tails and produce 15 to 20 kg of adult fish. This type of confinement has no effect on the growth of pearl oysters, and at the same time, it can fully increase the utilization rate of pond water, so as to achieve a good harvest of pearls and fish. Seven, tilapia cultivated pool culture mode exclusively based on this type of culture is mainly based on tilapia fertility, sexual maturity early, static water body can naturally reproduce, hatching fry can provide live bait for Alice mouth red, and It is designed due to the above characteristics of tilapia, aphrodisiac, and different habits and habits. Tilapia is not tolerant of low temperatures. Tilapia are dormant when the water temperature is below 15°C. In the Yangtze River basin region of China, tilapia fillets are stocked in May. The breeding period is only half a year. The ponds are idle for up to 5 months, while the Aphrodisiac can still feed and grow in the winter and the ponds can be used. During this period, it will be cultivated as a small-sized Aphrodite red fish pond, which will be stocked out of the pond or sold in excess after the spring to increase the water utilization rate and aquaculture efficiency. In general, 5 to 10 cm per mu, the size of the fish is 20 to 30, and 15 to 20 kg of fish can be produced. Its advantage is that it has a high survival rate and rapid growth, which can effectively control the large-scale reproduction of tilapia, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the density of the pond culture and increasing the yield and income of the pond.
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