Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is a weak base and is widely used in the food industry, medicine, and veterinary medicine in China, and is used as a feed additive for livestock and poultry in foreign countries. According to research conducted at home and abroad in recent years, adding appropriate amounts of sodium bicarbonate to poultry feed can greatly increase feed intake, improve feed utilization, energy conversion rate, boost poultry growth, increase egg production, and increase eggshell production. Quality has a significant effect. 1. The mechanism of action of sodium bicarbonate 1.1 Sodium bicarbonate can neutralize gastric acid, dissolve mucus, reduce the viscosity of digestive juice, and strengthen the contraction of gastrointestinal tract, which can play a role in strengthening stomach, inhibiting acid and increasing appetite. 1.2 The addition of sodium bicarbonate to the feed can supplement the bird's calcium carbonate in the blood due to hot wheezing (too much exhaled CO2), thereby improving the body's calcium metabolism. 1.3 The addition of sodium bicarbonate to the feed can increase the mobility of phosphorus in egg poultry. In order to form a good egg shell, the proper concentration of phosphorus must be maintained in the blood. Sodium bicarbonate can maintain the concentration of night phosphorus in the egg bird at the optimum level for the formation of egg shells. 1.4 Sodium bicarbonate can be separated in the digestive tract to liberate CO2, which takes away a lot of heat, which is conducive to maintaining the body's heat balance when it is hot. 1.5 Sodium bicarbonate is added to feed to provide a source of sodium to maintain proper sodium concentration in the blood. The content of sodium in the feed of layer chickens was 0.14%-0.28% and chlorine was in the range of 0.20%-0.24%. The ratios of sodium and chlorine were suitable. The egg production rate, egg weight, eggshell formation and feed efficiency were all good. The optimum level of mineral content in chicken feed is 0.15%-0.20% for sodium, 0.80% for potassium, and 0.12%-0.15% for chlorine. The use of sodium chloride makes it difficult to balance sodium and chlorine in the feed within the above range. The increase in the amount of choline chloride increases the imbalance between sodium and chlorine. 2. Application Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate in Poultry Feed 2.1 Adding proper amount of sodium bicarbonate in the layer diet of laying hens can increase egg production rate and eggshell strength. Tests have shown that at 25-30°C, when the ambient temperature rises by 1°C, the egg production rate decreases by 1.5% and the egg weight decreases by 0.3g. Longer than 22°C, the eggshell thins and the egg weight decreases. Yan Jun et al. (1990) used 53-week-old laying hens in summer. Each test group was fed with 0.3 g of sodium bicarbonate per day in the basal diet (containing 0.2% of table salt). The control group did not add sodium bicarbonate. The food contains 0.3% salt. Results The egg production rate, eggshell density, eggshell percentage, and eggshell thickness in the test group were increased by 11.15%, 0.20%, 1.10%, and 3.57%, respectively, and the egg production rate was significantly different (P<0.05). Liu Shenting et al. (1987) used Beijing white hens to add 0.5% sodium bicarbonate to the summer diet. As a result, the egg production rate was increased by 3.3%, the shell quality increased by 0.55, and the blood alkali storage increased by 45 mg/L. Zhou Ming (1996) studied the suitable ratio of chloride and bicarbonate in layer diets during high temperature season. Adding 0.2% sodium chloride (0.35% total dietary chloride) and 0.2% sodium bicarbonate (0.38% total dietary bicarbonate) to high-temperature seasonal layer diets can significantly increase Chicken egg production rate, egg shell quality and feed conversion rate (P<0.01). The suitable ratio of chloride and bicarbonate in layer diets is 35:38. According to a study by researchers of the British ICI company (1988), sodium bicarbonate was continuously added at a different level of 0.1% to 1.0% for 8 months in the layer chicken feed. The results showed that the egg production rate of all sodium bicarbonate groups was increased. All increase, the maximum eggshell strength can be increased by 8%. After 0.3% sodium bicarbonate was added to the standard laying hens' feed, after the egg production peak of the group of chickens was added, the process of decreasing egg production rate with age increased eased, and broken eggs decreased by 1%-2%. They also studied the interaction between sodium bicarbonate and phosphorus. When sodium was used as the source of sodium bicarbonate in the feed, the content of sodium was 0.55%, the phosphorus content was 0.30%, the egg production rate was 75%, and the phosphorus content was 0.75%. Egg production rate is 77%. The test results also show that due to the addition of sodium bicarbonate, the nitrogen utilization rate will increase by 3%. 2.2 Egg Duck Wu Lingqian et al. (1998) reported that 0.4% sodium bicarbonate was added to duck and duck diets in summer and the amount of salt was reduced from 0.3% to 0.15%, and the egg production rate was increased by 5.8%. The difference was significant (P<0.05). ); soft egg rate, mortality rate decreased significantly, the difference is extremely significant (P <0.01); feed reward increased by 6.8% a significant difference (P <0.05). 2.3 Addition of 0.1%-0.5% sodium bicarbonate to broiler chicken feed has a significant effect on carcass size and weight gain. British researchers reported that using sodium bicarbonate instead of sodium chloride as a source of sodium in broiler chicken feed reduced the amount of drinking water in the chicken and improved the litter condition. When dietary sodium content was 0.12%-0.28%, the body weight of 4-week-old broilers was 889 g for the sodium bicarbonate diet and 861 g for the sodium chloride diet, which was significantly different by analysis of variance. Adding sodium bicarbonate to the broiler diet can also reduce mortality and reduce the incidence of certain diseases. Owen (1994) and other studies have shown that the addition of sodium bicarbonate in the diet of corn-bean pods basified the diet, greatly reducing the incidence of ascites. In a high-altitude environment (in a low-voltage room with an altitude of 3000m), 42% of the broilers fed the basal diet died of ascites, while only 24% of the broilers died in the basal diet with 1% sodium bicarbonate. Ascites, the mortality rate is significantly reduced. According to Phelps (1989), the addition of 10 g of sodium bicarbonate significantly reduces the incidence of myogastric erosion in broiler chicken feed supplemented with 90 g of fish meal per kg. Studies in the Yamanashi Animal Husking and Proving Ground (1990) showed that 0.6% sodium bicarbonate was added to the broilers' 42-63 day-old diet at a temperature of 28°C and the mortality rate was 4.88%. The mortality rate was 7.85%. Addition of sodium bicarbonate can reduce deaths caused by heat shots in view of maintaining the acid-base balance of the chicken body.
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