Dairy farms for health and epidemic prevention

Dairy farms for health and epidemic prevention

In the production of cattle farms, we must adhere to the principle of “prevent disease and heal more than cure disease” to prevent and eradicate cow disease, especially infectious diseases and metabolic diseases, so that cows can better exert their production performance, extend the useful life, and increase the economy of cattle breeding. benefit.

(I) Epidemic prevention of infectious diseases and parasitic diseases

1. Daily preventive measures

(1) The dairy farm should separate the production area from the living area. Disinfection tanks and disinfection rooms shall be set up at the entrance of the production area (with UV lamps and other disinfection facilities). Disinfectants should be kept within the disinfection tank for 2% to 4% sodium hydroxide solution for years.

(2) Strict control of non-production personnel entering the production area must be replaced when uniforms, shoes and caps are removed, and can only be entered after sterilization by the disinfection chamber.

(3) The production area is not allowed to dissect the body, dogs, pigs and other livestock and poultry are not permitted, and mosquitoes and flies are regularly killed.

(4) Quarantine of tuberculosis, brucellosis and paratuberculosis each year in spring and autumn. Cows with positive or suspicious responses should be promptly disposed of. After the quarantine is over, it is necessary to timely conduct a thorough elimination of the inside and outside of the cowshed and utensils.

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(5) Each year, in the spring and autumn, one inspection of surface parasites such as ticks is performed. From June to September, the epidemic area of ​​the epidermis should be regularly checked and the epilepsy work should be done. In October, the cattle should undergo a once-infested period The prevention of deworming work, etc., in the spring for the yak herd colonization and deworming work.

(6) The newly introduced cattle must have a quarantine certificate of the statutory unit, and strictly implement the quarantine system. Only after confirming health can the population be accessible.

(7) The keeper should conduct at least one physical examination every year. If any infectious disease is found, the culprit should be promptly removed to prevent infection.

2. Emergency control measures in the event of an outbreak

(1) The epidemic prevention team should be formed immediately to make a precise diagnosis as soon as possible and report the epidemic to the relevant authorities.

(2) Isolation of diseased cows should be done quickly to block the infectious diseases that are more serious and blockades should be established in a timely manner. A blockade zone should be established. Personnel and vehicles should be strictly disinfected, and the environment should be strictly disinfected. The conditions for lifting the blockade are that no new cases will appear within two incubation periods after the last diseased cow is cured or slaughtered. After a full-scale disinfection, the approval of the competent authorities at higher levels is required to lift the blockade.

(3) Implement reasonable comprehensive control measures for diseased cows and cattle in closed areas, including emergency vaccination of vaccines, antibiotic therapy, specific therapy for hyperimmune serum, chemotherapy, adjuvant therapy for physical enhancement and physiological function, etc. .

(4) The carcasses of dead cows should be disposed of strictly in accordance with the regulations on epidemic prevention.

(B) monitoring of metabolic diseases

Due to the intensification of dairy cow production and the development of high standard breeding and directional breeding, the productivity of dairy cows and the economic benefits of farms have been improved, and the progress of research on nutrient metabolism has been promoted, but at the same time, the management conditions and techniques The slightest negligence will inevitably lead to the occurrence of nutrient metabolic diseases, which will seriously affect the health, milk yield, and life span of dairy cows. Therefore, we must pay attention to the monitoring of metabolic diseases in dairy cows.

(1) Metabolic sampling test (MPT) Blood samples of 30-50 cows were randomly sampled every quarter to determine the blood urine nitrogen content, blood calcium, blood phosphorus, blood glucose, hemoglobin and other biochemical indicators to observe the metabolic status of the herd.

(2) Determination of urine pH and ketone body The urine pH and ketone bodies were measured every other day from the week before delivery to within 2 months after delivery, and the positive or suspicious cows were immediately treated for treatment, and the herd status was concerned.

(3) Adjust diet formula:

1 Regularly determine the contents of various nutrients in the balanced diet.

2 For high-yield, thin, and weak dairy cows, timely adjustments should be made to diet formulas to increase nutrition to prevent the occurrence of related diseases.

(4) Horses should add sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide and other additives in the concentrate during the peak period of lactation.

(3) Health care for breasts and hoofs

1. Keep cowsheds, cattle beds, playgrounds, cattle bodies, and breasts clean. The cowsheds, cattle beds, and playgrounds should also remain flat, dry, and free from dirt (such as bricks, stones, slag, plastic bags, etc.).

2. The milk must be washed with clean water and then wiped with a clean towel. After squeezing the milk, each nipple must be soaked with a disinfectant such as 3%-4% sodium hypochlorite solution for several seconds.

3. The monitoring of subclinical mastitis should be carried out 10 days and 3 days before breast abstinence. Positive cows should be treated promptly. Two cows with negative reactions can stop breast milk.

Continue breast-feeding for 1 week after stopping the milk and observe the changes of the breast regularly. The medicinal bath is resumed 1 week before the expected date of birth, 2 times a day.

4. The monitoring of recessive mastitis should be carried out every year in January, March, June, July, August, September and November. To take comprehensive preventive measures for mastitis with clinical manifestations, cows that are permanently cured should be eliminated in time to reduce the source of infection.

5. Every spring and autumn inspection and hooves are performed once, and cows suffering from limb and foot disease should be promptly treated. In the high season of hoof disease, hoofs should be sprayed twice a week with 5% copper sulphate solution in order to reduce the occurrence of hoof disease. Attention should be paid to the entire herd status of high-risk herds.

6. Bull semen with genetic defects in limb hooves is banned from mating.

7. Regularly test various feed ingredients and frequently check, adjust and balance the nutrition of dairy cows' diets, especially when the incidence of hoof disease is above 15%.

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