Look at mental health Cows are spirited, sensitive, and sensitive to the surrounding environment. Diseased cows are characterized by mental depression or excitement, bowing heads, eyes with no eyes, being immobile, being unresponsive to the surrounding stimuli, and more common in some chronic diseases or later stages of the disease. Excited when the performance of sick cows arrogant, rushed after the collision, do not listen to call, from time to time screaming, chaos run around is more common in encephalitis and toxic diseases.
Look at the coat and skin The dairy cows are light, neat and tidy, flexible, not easy to fall off, normal skin color, no swelling, ulceration, and bleeding. Diseased cattle can cause various changes in coat and skin due to different diseases. Cows suffering from warts and eczema are exfoliated in patches, the skin becomes thick and hard, pruritus and bruises appear; when suffering from chronic wasting diseases such as bovine tuberculosis, parasitic diseases and certain metabolic diseases, the performance is Hair is messy, dull, and easy to fall off.
The respiratory rate of healthy cows was 10 to 30 beats per minute, showing a smooth chest and abdominal breathing. Chest-type breathing of dairy cows is mostly due to abdominal organ diseases such as acute peritonitis, acute gastric dilatation, rumen blow, abdominal wall trauma, rupture of the diaphragm, trauma and paralysis, etc.; cows with abdominal breathing are common in certain chest diseases Such as acute pleurisy, acute pneumonia, pleural effusion, emphysema and rib fractures.
Look gait posture Healthy cow gait steady, flexible and comfortable. At the time of onset, they showed abnormal postures such as claudication, unstable gait, poor coordination, and restlessness. If the cow suffers from tetanus, it shows head and neck straightening, vertical tail and tail curling, and rigid waist and leg. It resembles a trojan. When suffering from encephalitis and meningitis, the diseased cattle show blind movements, their brains are disordered, and they do not listen to the owner; In hydatid disease, unconscious directional movements are often performed.
Looking at both ears, healthy cows and ears are naturally flexible, often shaking, and touching hands warm. The diseased cows bow their ears and their ears do not shake, and their ears are cold and hot. Healthy cows have eyes and eyes that are sensitive and responsive, and the eye conjunctiva is pale pink. Diseased cows are blind and unresponsive. Due to different diseases, the conjunctiva of the eye is often changed. The conjunctiva is pale and more common in chronic wasting diseases, such as bovine tuberculosis, coccidiosis, chronic indigestion, etc.; eye conjunctival flushing is more common in Fever diseases, such as bovine pneumonia, bovine gastroenteritis, etc.; conjunctival cyanosis is more common in diseases of circulation and respiratory disorders, such as bovine pulmonary plague, bovine myocarditis, intestinal metaplasia and toxic diseases; rumen plot can also easily cause conjunctival cyanosis Congestive; yellow conjunctiva more common in liver and gallbladder disease and blood diseases.
Look at the mouth cow tongue health cows oral mucosa light red, normal temperature, no odor. In sick cattle, the mucous membranes of the oral cavity are pale, runny or dry, and the temperature is high and low, with bad odors. Healthy cows have a ruddy, tongue-rich tongue, a strong, flexible tongue and a normal temperature. In sick cattle, the tongue coating is mostly yellow, white or brown, the tongue coating is thick and rough, the tongue is stretchable and weak, the flexibility is poor, and the tongue temperature is not high or low. Oral redness is seen in hot diseases, such as acute infectious diseases, gastroenteritis, etc.; oral bruising is the result of blood circulation disorders, hypoxia, common in the middle and late stages of the disease, intestinal metaplasia, gallstones, etc.; oral whitening More common in various types of anemia, malnutrition, parasitic diseases, large blood loss, visceral rupture, etc.; cows suffering from actinomycosis, visible swelling of the oral mucosa, flushing, ulceration, when the enlarged skin ulceration, can reveal bright red Colored granulation, with pus attached; When the tongue is invaded, swelling and hardening due to tissue hyperplasia, inconvenient mobility, known as "wood tongue disease", diseased cattle flow, chewing, swallowing, breathing are difficult, asthma; When cows are suffering from anthrax, hard nodules occur in the tongue and oral mucous membranes, and the tongue is dark red with salivary blood.
Looking at the nose and nose healthy cows regardless of the weather hot and cold and day and night, the nose continues to sweat, and evenly distributed, keep it moist. In the case of acute febrile illness, cows endoscope nose, nasal dryness or even cracks, such as bovine piriformis, cattle failure, etc.; see the nasal cavity including nasal mucosa and rhinorrhea examination, generally pulpy, sticky or The purulent and odorless rhinorrhea is more common in bovine lung disease.
Seeing appetite, appetite, and appetite The good or bad appetite is an important indicator of the health of dairy cows. Poor appetite, good times and bad times more common in chronic digestive diseases; loss of appetite is mostly seen in pre-gastric diseases and other serious diseases, such as rumen plot food, rumen gas, etc.; appetite hyperthyroidism seen in the recovery period of severe illness and poor function of the digestive organs and body nutrition Excessive consumption of diseases, etc.; appetite abnormalities, pica, etc. more common in dairy cows, some of the lack of vitamins, minerals or trace elements and neurological abnormalities. Adult cows generally drink 60 to 120 liters of water per day. Look at the defecation Urine normal cow's feces has a certain shape and hardness, soft but not thin, hard but not strong, no smelly, defecation regular. Such as increased frequency of defecation, thin stools such as water called diarrhea, more common in dairy cows enteritis, tuberculosis and paratuberculosis; defecation decreased, feces hardened, or surface mucus is more constipation, more common in lack of exercise, pre-gastric disease, rumen Food plot, intestinal obstruction, intestinal metaplasia, febrile disease, and certain nervous system diseases; defecation incontinence is seen in severe diarrhea, spinal cord injury or inflammation of the lumbar region, encephalitis, etc.; cows appear painful, restless, arched, or even paralyzed during defecation. , and tweets, but can not be a lot of exclusion of feces in cattle, traumatic net gastritis, enteritis, rumen plot food, intestinal constipation, intestinal metaplasia and certain neurological diseases. Cows' urine is normally pale yellow and transparent. If the color turns yellow, becomes red, and becomes turbid, it is a symptom.
Look Ruminant Hernia Healthy cows start ruminating 30 minutes to 60 minutes after eating, each rumination duration lasts from 40 minutes to 50 minutes, each group chews 40 to 80 times, every day and night ruminants 9 to 12 times, and rumination time 6 hours. ~8 hours. When dairy cows suffer from rumen food accumulation, rumen blast, traumatic net gastritis, anterior gastric relaxation, gastroenteritis, peritoneal and hepatic diseases, infectious diseases and genital system diseases, metabolic diseases, and brain and spinal cord diseases, they all have rumination obstacles. Helium is a normal physiological phenomenon of ruminants, and the rumen fermentation gas is excreted by helium.
Looking at the quality of milk production Milk production by healthy dairy cows is generally constant. The sudden increase in the amount of milk produced in the production is extremely rare. If the milk production suddenly decreases, it must be already sick. Dairy cows suffering from various diseases can lead to reduced milk production, but especially ketosis and mastitis are the most serious. Clinically mild cases of ketosis have a continuous decrease in milk production, severe cases suddenly drop suddenly, high-yield cattle have no milk, and milk has a ketone taste. Clinical mastitis can be seen with the naked eye, breast abnormalities occur, mild cases of milk thin, grayish, the first few milk often floc (commonly known as tofu milk), breast swelling, little change in milk; severe affected area breast swelling , red, hard, pain, milk pale yellow, milk production is only 1/2 ~ 1/3 of the normal amount, the breast milk production in the health area is also significantly reduced; acute mastitis incidence, acute disease, no livestock Breast, affected area and the entire breast are swollen, very hard, purple, cracked and painful. The affected area can only squeeze 1 to 2 yellow water or blood water.
Looking at the tail changes the movement of healthy cow tails, although not fixed frequency, but there are certain changes in the law. The sky-warm day has more swings than the cold days, and it has more swings than walking when it is standing still. When it is feeding, it has more swings than when it is not eating; there are more swings during the day than at night. Well-developed healthy cows have a thick, thin, short tail and are flexible and powerful. Stunted cows have small or curved tails that are not flexible and have a small amplitude. Deficiency of typhoid fever, deafness, not love to move, serious tail-tailed, tail-body fever, cold disease, scavenging of oxtail hair, cold triggering of hands, cold tail, low head, small swing of tail, and cow’s abdominal pain From time to time look back, the lighter tail rolls to one side, and when the weight is lying, the tail is caught in the hind leg.
The body temperature of dairy cows varies from 37.5°C to 39.5°C. If the body temperature exceeds or falls below the normal range, it is a disease. Cows whose body temperature is below the normal range are usually suffering from major bleeding, visceral rupture, toxic diseases, or are about to die. If cows alternate between fever and no heat, they may have chronic tuberculosis, coccidiosis, or trypanosomiasis.
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