Earthworm breeding technology

The locusts are also called earthworm insects, soil yuan, etc. They are distributed in the south of China and are now under artificial breeding. Ground locusts use dried female adults as medicine, and males can also be used as medicine before the last molting. Cold, taste salty, toxic, with broken knot, prolactin, phlegm and pain relief functions, such as batter pill, governance injury pills, swelling ointment, traumatology Qijisan and many other proprietary Chinese medicines have this ingredient, is Taste important Chinese herbal medicines.
1. The growth of aphids to complete a generation, to go through the egg, nymphs, adults three stages. Mature males require 8 months from nymphs to their long wings; females are wingless, and matures take about 9-11 months (excluding crossover). Males die after 5-7 days after copulation, after females have mated. Spawning one week. A copulation, the final production of eggs. June-October is the end of the period. Spawning starts from late April to late November and is from July to October. Eggs stick together into egg masses (called egg sheaths), tan, kidneys or pods about 0.5 cm long, and hatch out of the house after 40 to 60 days. 30~50°C is the optimum temperature for hatching. In addition, proper moisture is also a condition for development, such as hatching the egg sheath in a suitable temperature and humidity pit (cylinder) to accelerate hatching. Eggs produced before mid-January to August have hatched successively from early July to mid-November. Eggs produced before wintering in mid-August are gradually hatched from early June to mid-July. The newly hatched nymphs are slightly white, and then once every 25 to 50 days, the skins of the males are molted eight times and the females are molted 10 to 11 times.
2. The following equipment is commonly used for breeding ground locusts.
(1) Four types of tool sieves. No. 1 sieve square eyes 8.5 mm; No. 2 sieve square eyes 3.5 mm (with the same sieve); No. 3 sieve slightly same sieve, can use green sieve cloth sieve; No. 4 sieve square eyes 1.2 mm. The size of the screen frame is 8.5 square inches for small rearing areas, and the range can be enlarged.
(2) Pits shall be provided with pits other than those required for the establishment of breeding pits and tanks. There are many pits and pits are most suitable. The specific facilities for the construction of the pit from the ground are as follows:
The construction of a pit: The back of the pit is against the wall, and it is 10.5 feet long and 1.6 feet wide along the wall. Five pits were built, each with 5 floors and a total of 25 pits. Each pit has an area of ​​3 square feet and a total area of ​​75 square feet. It can be used as a means of raising insects. The method of constructing pits consists of erecting left and right cement wall panels one by one, spaced at 2 feet apart, and placing a cement slab over the tile. Cover size: width 1.6 feet long 2.1 feet thick 0.1 feet. Wallboard specifications: 1.1 feet high, 1.6 feet thick and 0.1 feet thick. In order to build five. On the cover, the wall panels are also erected and covered with cover plates. The second floor is built and the five floors are built.
2 Pit Gate Structure: The pit gate is 1.1 feet high and 2 feet wide, divided into two sections. The lower section is inserted into the cement board, and the specifications are: 0.6 feet high and 2 feet thick 0.1. The upper half is made of wood, fixing the door frame as a basis for the moving door. The frame is 2 feet wide, 0.5 feet thick and 0.1 feet thick. The box nails a good deduction. The active door is framed according to the size of the spare space, and the frame is nailed with a plastic eyelet. The temperature of the pit is generally 3~5°C higher than that of the pond pit, so the amount of ground mites is significantly increased and the growth is significantly accelerated. Practice has proved that the annual output of layered pits is raised by more than 30% compared with pits. The height of the pit is not less than 1.1 feet. Otherwise, it is difficult to reduce the temperature to the limit that the earthworm can live in the hot season. Earthworms are afraid of heat but not very cold. When the temperature reaches 39°C, it will suffocate if the density is saturated. Therefore, when the temperature reaches 38°C, it is necessary to cool down and avoid losses.
3 Pit mud: Earthworms have strong adaptability to feeding soils, sandy soils, clays, and loams. Only loose, moist, and strong clays cannot be used. The soil should be crushed and the No. 3 sieve should be used to remove the soil and incorporate a small amount of plant ash. The moisture content of the rearing soil should be about 20% of the moisture content. Over 25% of the cultivating soil will stick and the ground worms will be difficult to get into the soil. The water content of the broiler soil is less than 10%, and the water consumption of the insect body is too much, which affects the development. If it is found that the feeding soil is too wet or too dry, it is necessary to find out the reasons, give appropriate adjustments, adopt soil replacement, and increase or decrease the mix of green materials, which is an effective measure to regulate the water in the rearing soil. The thickness of the rearing soil varies with the size of the worm. 1 to 4 instars are generally not more than 2 inches long, and 5 instars and adults are 3 inches thick enough. In order to allow the insects to actively adjust the room when the temperature is too high or too low, so that it can go deep into the summer or shelter from the cold, mud thickness 6 inches is appropriate. The soil of the hatching tank (é’µ) must be loosened. The cow dung picked up was dried and cracked, sieved with No. 3, dried and used for drying after humidification. Mix 50% of fine clay with cow dung and moisten it until it has a damp sensation.
3. Feeding and management (1) Density The grasshoppers gather in the soil so the stocking density can be high. Feeding density can be adjusted with the increase of worm age, and the limit of fresh insects per square foot area can reach 2 pounds. Earthworm worms have the habit of eating eggs, so the density of worms cannot be too high (Table 1). In the group feeding locusts, under the general feeding level, the nymphs hatched in the same period have been kept to the adult stage, and the development process will have a difference of 1 to 4 years of age. In order to promote balanced development, when the stocking density approaches a certain amount, binning should be performed. 1 to 6 instar larvae can be sorted according to the rearing density range. 7-8 female nymphs 9-10 years old female nymphs. The darkness of the rearing pit is mainly, but there must be a ventilation hole to avoid suffocation. All the pure green cloth on the pit door was sealed with dark black paper, and a square inch of air was left in the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the seal. On hot days, when the temperature is above 38°C, remove the sealing paper, even knock the door open, and thicken the mud pit or reduce the density to reduce the temperature and ensure safety. Some people used dark pits and clear pits for comparison and kept under the same conditions for 100 days. Dark pits produced 21% more than clear pits.
(2) Management 1 Egg Sheath (é’µ) is specifically used to hatch egg sheaths. In the middle of May and August, the egg sheath should be able to stay in the same room and a cylinder should be set up every month. The egg sheath in May can be mixed with the egg sheath after the end of August of last year. Egg hatching dates range from 40 to 60 days. The egg sheaths in May can all be released from the house by the end of July. At this time, the larvae were screened out, and the egg shells were screened out with a No. 2 sieve, and then the larvae were screened with a No. 3 sieve. The spots were then reared until all of the eggs were picked up after the first peel, and then transferred to a breeding pit for rearing. The egg sheaths from June to August were treated as such.
2 The size of the pit should be 3 squares. Move larvae over 2 years of age from the hatching tank and keep feeding until the wings appear on individual males. Then, remove the males from the hatching. If the females are cultivated, do not use the males. Use a No. 1 sieve to screen the nymphs and put another pit. The mother wormhole, listening to their mating. The smaller insects under the sieve are left to grow and rescreen. Pit mud in the mother worm pit should be relatively damp. The degree of wetness is not standardized when sieved. Special attention should be paid to the feed of the worms, as the ovum sheaths need extra moisture, and in addition to the wet soil, the replenishment should be started from the juicy feeds. In the event that the juicy feed is not enough, the concentrates must be mixed with water to feed them. . Otherwise, the lack of water, the mother worms will eat eggs, and sometimes eat more than half of the eggs, which is a great loss. The female worms within the wormhole were screened once every 5 days after spawning and the egg sheaths and egg shells were screened out. When the egg shell accounts for 10% or less of the oocyst, it shows that the management is proper. When it exceeds 10%, it is insufficient water. As long as you have a good grasp of the proportion of eggs you eat, then the question of the interval between the dates of the screening of eggs is a matter of screening once a month.
(3) Feed 1 The by-products after grain and oil processing, such as bran, rice bran, rapeseed cake powder, cotton kernel cake powder, bean curd residue and so on.
2 discarded various rind and leaves, especially flowers, stems, leaves.
3 sweet potatoes, lotus root, white rice, pears, peaches, persimmons, sweet potato vines and so on. Cut roots and bulbs are better.
4 Leaves such as figs, ramie, sesame, broad beans, etc.; algae and duckweed in ponds of Ziyunying (red flower grass), especially bamboo leaves of large leaves. 5 animal feed: leftovers in the cafeteria, including pigs, cows, sheep, chickens, rabbits, fish and other debris.
(4) The feeding mites are very resistant to hunger. In wet mud, one month I will not feed nor starve. In peacetime, it is not eating every day. Instead, it is plucked every other day to form a batch of food. Feeding should be based on different ages of insects, different seasons and different stages of development, and flexible methods of feeding. 1 to 4 instar nymphs, due to small insects, weak activity, generally not good at unearthing activities, mostly feeding in the surface of the feeding soil, so the surface of the soil can be placed on the feeding soil, fine material directly on the top, not bad, will help Worms feed. The first-instar larvae have no ability to feed green fodder. An inch-inch thick rice husk can be sprinkled on the surface of the grazing soil, and the fine green material can be sprinkled on it. After the locusts are unearthed, they can pass through the rice hull without mud. Keep fine, green and clean, so as not to waste food. In the low-temperature months, you can feed once every other day, and in the months of June to September, you should feed them daily. The time is good in the morning. Before and after molting, all ages had a significant decrease in food intake, and they completely stopped during molting. During this period, little or no feeding is done, and normal feeding is required after the emergence of a large number of insect shells on the soil surface. In order for the feeding amount to be close to the actual need, the insect age, insect amount, and developmental stage must be mastered in each type of feeding area. Every time feeding, it is required to consummate the raw materials, and there is more than green material; Principles, and increase or decrease the amount of feed according to consumption. In this way, you can take out and clean it once and then put it back and continue to use it. In particular, the mother wormhole should be strengthened. The mother worm pit does not put rice husks on the surface to facilitate the screening of eggs. The film is placed on the surface of the soil and is mainly a flood hazard. Due to the fact that the mother insects' soil is relatively humid and the temperature is high, it is easy to cause hyperthyroidism. If the parental insects are effectively prevented, the main difficulties of breeding locusts will be overcome. Feeding more animal animal products can promote the rapid growth of earthworms, feeding purely leaves and weeds and slow growth. In addition to animal animals to be cooked, other can be fed. The food intake of each age group is shown in Table 2.
(5) Artificial Hatching of Egg Sheaths Artificial incubation is an important measure to shorten the life cycle and increase production. Practice has proved that the picking out of the ovary is good, especially the early spring artificial hatching is better than the natural hatching. Egg sheaths usually produced in late August do not hatch until the middle or late June of the following year. If artificial hatching is used, they can be released early in the middle of March. Artificial hatching begins in mid-February and uses a larger aluminum pan with a steamed bun inside. The size of the head is slightly smaller than that of the pan. The oysters contain mud (with fine, loose, moist sensation) inside and mix well with the egg sheaths, so that each egg sheath is moist with mud. The pot is filled with water, and the water has the same height as the clay in the pot. A kerosene lamp with a lampshade is placed under the pot. The top of the lamp shade is half an inch from the bottom of the pot, and the wick can be calibrated so that the pot water can maintain a certain temperature (32~35°C). Each time the firepower is adjusted, it should be carried out during the day when the humidity is highest. When the night's natural temperature (temperature) drops, the incubation temperature can drop at the same time. When the natural temperature rises during the day, it will not exceed the calibrated incubation standard temperature. The water temperature must be the same as the temperature of the soil and can be checked at any time. The bituminous coal on the lampshade should be wiped every few days. Stir the eggs in the eggs every few days. Day and night do not stop fire, larvae can be hatched in about 40 days, 60 days out of the room. The bakelite handle on the aluminum lid is removed as a vent hole. Cover a small piece of quilt covered with insulation (a small quilt also has a hole in the lid of the vent). The aluminum pot is built in the stove, and the mud brick can be kept warm. Even if the temperature stops for a few days, the problem is not great.
(6) Disease and enemy damage control 1 Green mold: It mainly occurs during the rainy season. The green beetle of the green mold was dark green in its abdomen, with spots, feet contracting, sagging tentacles, soft body, admonishing sluggishness, not feeding during the night, and death after climbing out of the mud surface during most of the day. Once pests and diseases are found, methods such as raising another breed, replacing pit mud, lowering temperature, and reducing the density of insect populations must be adopted to effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of the disease. If mildew has occurred, it should be sprayed on the body with a 0.5% formalin solution; 0.25g of chloramphenicol or metallothionein can also be added to 0.5 kg of wheat bran to feed the earthworms and feed them. -3 times until healing.
2 Aspergillosis in egg masses: During egg hatching, the ovum sheath is in the incubation period due to the high temperature and humidity of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus infestation, resulting in the death of nymphs. Control methods: a. Disinfection work. Take clean sand and expose After disinfection or steam sterilization, it will be used as pit mud. Egg pieces are best collected once every 10 days. Remove debris and premature, dehydrated egg pieces, then mix with 3% bleach 1 part and lime powder 9 parts and slowly spread on the egg pieces. After sterilizing for half an hour, use a sieve to sift the powder, mix the egg pieces and the fine sand, and put it into the cylinder to incubate.Generally, a cylinder with a diameter of 60 cm can be placed with 2 jins of eggs.The thickness is 4 inches. Then cover 2 inches thick clean sand, and then sprinkle a thin layer of bleaching powder on the sand (in the management operation, you must scrape the bleaching powder and do not let it mix into the egg layer.) B. Maintain a certain humidity. During incubation, In summer and in the fall, the workers must keep the egg layer and cover layer dry, and when adjusting the humidity, the egg mass can't be wetted by the water spot, and the sand can't see the water. If there is any larvae out of the house, it should be replaced. Potholes (3 servings of fine sand and 1 serving of roast and dried fine beef) The humidity is handcuffed into groups, and the thickness of the larvae is 2 to 3 inches. The larvae are screened every 3 days and placed in a larval tank. C. Do not feed food during the incubation period. Freshly hatched larvae, Eating very little, or even not eating, the foods fed are basically rotten and spoiled, which aggravates the proliferation of spheroidin, so no food can be fed during this time.
3 generation and control of whitefly: The temperature above 26 °C, especially the pit mud is more wet, the population of the population is sparse, and when the feed is left, it is prone to whiteflies. The shape of the mealworms is initially subtle and powdery and is not easy to detect. Gradually two weeks later, the body grows to less than 1 mm in length. The body is soft, curved, shiny, gray-white, and the body has bristles. There are 4 pairs of feet. The young quail parasitizes the various parts of the earthworm, making the earthworm Gradually thin and so dead, after the nymph was mistletoe, can be shelled removed in the shell, but a few days later re-infection finally died, the main pest of the locust. Control methods, a. scrape the remaining feed on the pit surface together with the pit mud to a depth of 0.5-1 inches. The mud that has been scraped out is exposed to sunlight and sun exposure. The dried mud can be mixed with water. b. Replace the pit mud, sieve all the earthworms and replace them with new ones. However, it is not possible to use the chickens and duck dung that are prone to crickets to make pits. In order to eliminate pits and worms, it is inevitable to leave maggots in the pits. When using mud, use 30% triclosan or 20% fleas pesticides, mix dry mud with 1:400 solution, in a cubic foot of mud, use 4 g of water and 3.2 kg of water, adjust and mix Put the mud into the pit to be properly moistened, then put the insects into the rearing. The above-mentioned pesticides can only kill the larvae and ovum sheaths, and cannot kill hens and nymphs. The effective period of this medicine can reach more than 40 days. When the temperature is above 35°C, the effect is obviously significant. After one and a half months after changing the pit, if the pups are found, they can sprinkle the fountain with a sprayer on the fine material until the moisture is reached. Pit mud) feeding. Feed it several times to eliminate it. c. For earthworms that have pups in their abdomen, use the above liquid to replace the dry mud, and then feed the young earthworms that lived. When the temperature is high, all the cubs disappear after 5 days. d. Temptation of whitefly. Using fried bacon, bones, fish and other bait, in the daytime on the feed plate to induce cockroaches, clear once every 1-2 hours, many times in a row the effect is very good. Each used bone, fish and meat is best brewed with boiling water or re-fried.
4 Prevention of enemy pests: Rats, ants, chickens, spiders, cockroaches, etc. are all predators of earthworms. In particular, mice not only eat adults, but also prefer to eat egg sheaths, especially in the winter more need to beware. Secondly, the ants, the larvae that were released from the house, were dragged and ran out of the mouth one by one, and they bite to eat the shell insects and the oocysts. The damage is not small. Control methods: In addition to the cylinder pit surface to be covered, the surrounding walls, doorways, etc. must be inspected and blocked in time. At the same time, sprinkle chlordane powder where ants come in and out.
4. Harvesting, Processing, and Seed Selection (1) Harvesting and Processing In order to give full play to the artificial feeding effect of earthworms, male nymphs should be soaked in the same manner as adult females. It is unreasonable to only expose the female adults to the sun or all males and females of the 8th instar to soak in the sun. Only when the density exceeds the limit or when the space is not enough, the female nymph of about 8 years old is soaked, which is a last resort. Generally about 3,000 nymphs per jin worms dry insects about 3 thousand; female adult insects about 6 hundred worms per jin. By contrast, it is clear that picking males is more advantageous. Harvesting is a once-in-a-year result, and it is necessary to have a plan for breeding and reasonable harvesting as long as there is income for each cycle. In addition to the male species, the males have no other use, and all of them let their wings be wasted. According to the ancient Chinese medical books, the larvae of male worms have not been effective, and they should be soaked in males. The specific method: use a No. 1 sieve to screen out the nymphs, pick out the males to soak in the sun, and keep the females to the adult sun. The sorted females should also be provided with 5% of males. At this time, adult males have emerged and should be used as collocations as possible. The proportion of natural male and female nymphs is 30%-50% of the total number of males. In fact, 5% of males produce egg sheaths that do not affect hatching, so it is necessary to soak nymphs. Screen out 7-8 instar nymphs, according to the appearance of the characteristics of picking insects, after skilled operation, a person 4 hours can pick out 3,000 or so, dryworm 1 Jin. The remaining females were concentrated in one pit and continued to raise about 200 per kilogram of fresh insects for soaking. The smaller worms were sifted and continued to grow, re-screen and re-soak. The late-stage larvae could not finish soaking in the year. After winter, raise it to 6-7 months to continue processing. The female nymph is the main object of harvesting, and its body weight is the highest when 9-11 years old, then the fresh dry-dry rate can reach 38-41%; and the fertility rate of the male is 30-33%. At this time harvesting can get better economic results. The specific time is from early August until before winter. All flat larvae that have become worm-producing at the beginning of last year have been sunburned. Fresh insects are washed and dried until they are dry after being soaked. If the weather is not good, they must be dried. The firepower should not be excessive. Use 50°C firepower to dry slowly and serve as goods (Figure 2).
(2) In general, the pits that are convenient to operate should be selected as the mother wormholes. In order to ensure that the female worms are all fertilized, they must not be allowed to mate. One month after the winged male was found in the pit, the female and male worms were screened out with a No. 4 sieve. At this time, some of the female worms were dragging the oocysts, but also the hips were not dragging the sheath and the hips were not closed. Pink or dark gray with a transparent luster, picking its large and healthy, relatively lively set in one, that is, the mother wormhole. The screened male adults were also fed into the pit. Pick it up every few days until it's finished. At the same time, when picking males and females, the remaining females are selected and qualified to invest in the pit.

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