The food safety issue has become the fourth largest global crisis in addition to population, resources, and the environment. It is the focus of attention of the world. The Chinese government used the opportunity to join the WTO and launched the “Pollution Free Food Action Plan†in Beijing in April 2001. Tianjin, Shanghai and Shenzhen pilot projects. In April 2002, the “Administrative Measures for Harmless Agricultural Products†was promulgated. It was implemented throughout the country, and the production standards for pollution-free aquatic products were formulated. These included standards for water use, quality and safety standards for bulk seawater, freshwater cultured fish, shellfish, shrimp, and Chinese sturgeon. , safety limits for fishery feed, guidelines for the use of fishery drugs, limits for fishery drug residues and toxic and hazardous substances in aquatic products.
Chinese sturgeon is a traditional nourishing food and has been favored by people since ancient times. As a result of the interests, some industries and farmers have joined the ranks of raising elk. They lack scientific knowledge of educating people, blindly misuse drugs and illicit drugs, and illegally enter the country to enter and shoddy, seriously damaging Chinese sturgeons in the consumers. The image of the heart. The introduction of pollution-free Chinese sturgeon breeding standards is of great significance in regulating aquaculture behavior, improving product quality and competitiveness, and promoting the safety, health, and sustainable development of Chinese sturgeon.
The pollution-free Chinese sturgeon refers to the production environment, production process, and product quality that meet the relevant national standards and regulations. After passing the certification, the company obtains the certificate and allows the use of non-environmental pollution standard Chinese sturgeon. Among them, the pollution-free Chinese sturgeon producing area should meet the following three conditions: (1) The environment of the producing area meets the requirements of the environment of the environment-friendly agricultural product. 2 The scope of the area is clear. 3 has a certain scale of production. Production management should be in accordance with: the first production process meets the standards for the production of pollution-free agricultural products; the second has corresponding professional technology and management personnel; the third has complete quality control measures and complete production and sales records.
Non-pollution Chinese sturgeon breeding should strictly implement NY5051-2001 "No-harmful Food Fresh Water Fishery Water Quality Standard", GB3095-1996 "Ambient Air Quality Standard", NY5072-2002 "Contamination-free Food and Fishery Usage Guidelines", and GBl5618-1995 "Land Environment "Quality Standards", NY5072-2002 "Safety Limits for Foods Contaminated with Non-Hazardous Foods and Fisheries", NY/T5067-2002 "Technical Code for the Culture of Chinese Chestnuts for Harmless Foods". At the same time, according to the international food management practices, the HACCP system has been implemented and analyzed and controlled from the links that may cause damage to the quality of Chinese sturgeon, so that the Chinese sturgeon produced can meet the national pollution-free standard NY5066-2001. "Food Chinese Sturgeon", according to the author's experience and experience of pollution-free Chinese sturgeon breeding, the main quality control measures are as follows.
One seedling seedling is one of the foundations for aquaculture production. Due to the impure germplasm, inbreeding, and illegal import of Chinese sturgeon, the disease caused by Chinese sturgeon breeding is endemic, the survival rate is low, and the resulting losses are more than 100 million yuan each year. Therefore, the cultured Chinese sturgeon seedlings should be healthy. , seedlings without pathogens. Seedling production should be conducted in accordance with the "Aquatic Seed Management Regulations" of the Ministry of Agriculture. Those who have the right conditions can either keep their own seed or purchase seedlings from the Chinese sturgeon seed farm. Experience shows that the inbreeding age for breeding is between 4 and 10 years of age, individual weight is above 1.5kg, and the average number of individuals that grow out is above 3.5g. It is a strong, lively and responsive animal. Back, the skirt is thick and flat, and the survival rate of the culture is high and the disease is low.
2 The site should be based on the ecological habits and disease prevention requirements of Chinese sturgeon. The site should be sheltered from the sun, the environment is quiet, the water quality is fresh, the water source is sufficient, there is no industrial "three wastes" and the pollution of agriculture, urban life and medical waste. Heavy metals and pesticides in the soil are not excessive. The soil is a soft and loamy place. The water source should meet the requirements of NY5051. The air quality meets the standards of GB3095 and above, and the soil meets the requirements of GB15618, so as to control the quality of the pollution-free culture of Chinese sturgeon.
3 The Chinese sturgeon feedstuffs used in feed cultivation are strictly produced in accordance with the "Regulations on the Administration of Feed and Feed Additives", and the harmful, toxic, heavy metals and pesticides in raw materials are tested. The use of unqualified raw materials is prohibited, and the addition of antibiotics and somatotropin is prohibited. Wait. From the source to prevent the entry of exogenous hazardous ingredients. Chinese sturgeon feeds should meet NY 5072-2002 "Safety Limits for Non-Hazard Foods and Feeds for Compound Feeds". In the feed production process, use clean water sources, add fresh, non-polluting vegetables, and use fresh produce, time, quality, and positioning to control the food within 2 hours. The feeding method adopts on-shore feeding and the residual bait is easy to recycle, which reduces feed waste and pollutes the water quality. Every 50 to 80 quail have 1 feeding point, so that the quail feeds evenly, and it will not be inflicted due to competition for food. Neat, to ensure that the feed does not harm the quality of Chinese sturgeon.
4 The hazards of fishery medicines used in fishery medicines are mainly due to the long residue of medicines. Once some fishery medicines are accumulated, they are difficult to be excreted metabolically. For example, heavy metal medicines, some fishery medicines may cause deformities and development of cockroaches, and the ecology of the Chinese sturgeons will be ecologically implemented. Aquaculture, healthy breeding, biological control diseases, regular use of quicklime, bleaching powder to adjust the water quality, high-temperature season targeted high efficiency and low toxicity of Chinese herbal medicine, thereby minimizing the occurrence of disease, reduce the dosage, and for the prevention of diarrhea is strictly in accordance with NY5071- 2002 "Guidelines for the use of pollution-free food and fishery drugs" to eliminate the use and stealth accumulation of highly toxic and high-residue fishery drugs.
5 Water turtles Chinese sturgeons are reptiles that live in the water. The quality of water will have an important impact on the final quality of the product. Pond aquaculture water through physical, chemical, and biological control measures to ensure that the fishery water quality standards, physical regulation includes flushing, changing water, air, oxygen, clear bottom silt, the bottom of the pool to expose the sun, reduce the pool bottom toxic, Accumulation of harmful substances; chemical regulation includes regular spillage of 15 to 20mg/L of quicklime, 2mg/L of bleach, to ensure the transparency of the water in 25 ~ 35cm, dissolved oxygen in 4mg / L or more, chemical oxygen demand COD in 10 ~ 20mg/L, ammonia nitrogen does not exceed 2mg/L; biological regulation mainly implements coexistence of cockroaches, fish, bacteria, algae, shellfish, water lettuce, etc., diversification of water organisms, improve the circulation and circulation of water body materials and energy, enhance pool water The ability to self-purify, the important measure is polyculture. Cod polyculture refers to the stocking of predatory fish (Cyprinus, amaranth, tilapia) and filter-feeding (white clam, calyx) fish in Dianchi Lake, which can remove the bait and feces of Chinese sturgeon and control the plankton content in time. , Regulation of dissolved oxygen in water, reduce the occurrence of diseases, so that aquaculture water appears benign cycle, minimizing the use of fishery drugs.
6 Packaging and Transportation The packaging and transportation of Chinese sturgeon are the last link before listing. It is forbidden for human operation and mechanical damage to avoid affecting the appearance and color of the product.
Through the above measures, Chinese sturgeons can ensure health, hygiene, nutrition, and pollution-free.
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